Enjoyable Vocabulary Teaching and Learning with Cultural Differences

Language learners have to learn sufficient quantity of words to communicate by using the target language, but learning vocabulary is not easy at all. It is essential that learners motivate themselves and pay a lot of attention to the words. This can be done by comparing cultural differences in a context or using the words in sentences, the meanings of which reveal different application of cultural values. For culture is what shapes our behaviour in life, they represent the way we are. So that utterances, statements, sentences which have something to do with our culture or foreign cultures are very likely to attract our attention and motivate us. In fact, by speaking about cultural differences, we give life to vocabulary in class settings. Students are able to learn the meanings of words by actually living them. So that it is not only learning some words but also dealing with different understandings and applications of life as well. These differences can be acted out, discussed, written, or drawn. In any case, students find themselves in an atmosphere where learning is not dull and boring, but pleasant and enjoyable.vocabulary, cultural differences, multiculturalism, ELT methods, EFL, ESL.

Comparative analysis of short-term intensive and long-term adaptive language teaching curriculum

Teaching and learning a foreign language are challenging and time-consuming endeavors. Being proficient in a foreign language takes hard work for learners. This qualitative research was conducted at Language Preparatory School (LPS) in Tishk International University (TIU), a private university in Erbil in Iraq where teachers currently follow a short-term intensive teaching program for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. To collect data, a survey was created and sent to 15 teachers at Tishk International University Language Preparatory School (TIULPS) through Google form. Three open-ended questions and five Likert-scale items were used in the qualitative research and subsequently the data was analyzed. According to research findings, it is suggested that EFL students in TIULPS should be taught in a long-term adaptive language teaching schedule. Therefore, there is an emergency to set up a new curriculum for language learners at language preparatory schools due to the allocated duration for proficiency level.  These research findings can suggest a change in language teaching programs at education institutions at tertiary level in general

Human Factor in Teaching: Teacher Perspective-I

Without a human element, teaching can never provide students with what they want. In this qualitative study, educator perspectives on what is good for great teachers were explored through a 3-statement google form. To better understand what “a great teacher” means, one hundred educators from four countries (Nigeria, Georgia, Cambodia, and Iraq) were asked to fill out an online questionnaire. This research shows that, despite some commonalities, there are various definitions of a great teacher across countries. These different perspectives positively or negatively affect teacher-student relations and education quality in institutions from country to country

The Perception of the Teachers about the Children with Specific Learning Disability as a Special Education Need: Brayaty Primary School Case in Erbil

Students with special learning difficulties are categorized as people in need of special education. The field of special education is very wide, and it also covers specific learning disability. Specific learning disability is mistakenly perceived as a lack of intelligence because it is considered as the main reason behind students’ failures to a large extent. These students have the potential to be integrated into society with special education. This study was conducted to reveal how this situation is perceived by the teachers

Erector spinae plane block vs interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia management in patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy

Background Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is the gold standard method used for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an interfascial plane block. The aim of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of ESPB and ISB after shoulder arthroscopy. The primary outcome is the comparison of the perioperative and postoperative opioid consumptions. Methods Sixty patients with ASA score I-II planned for arthroscopic shoulder surgery were included in the study. ESPB was planned in Group ESPB (n = 30), and ISB was planned in Group ISB (n = 30). Intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia was administered to both groups in the postoperative period. Intraoperative and postoperative opioid and analgesic consumption of both groups, side effects and complications related to opioid use, postoperative pain scores and rescue analgesic use were recorded in the first 48 h postoperatively. Results Pain scores were significantly higher in the ESPB group in the first 4 h postoperatively than in the ISB group (p < 0.05). The total fentanyl consumption and number of patients using rescue analgesics in the postoperative period were significantly higher in the ESPB group (p < 0.05). The incidence of nausea in the postoperative period was significantly higher in the ESPB group (p < 0.05). Conclusions In our study, it was seen that ISB provided more effective analgesia management compared to ESPB in patients underwent shoulder arthroscopy surgery

Multiculturalism and the Effective Acquisition of Vocabulary

Multiculturalism has been gaining increasingly more popularity in all spheres of studies including applied linguistics and cultural studies. This research was done to find out whether multiculturalism, which means the coexistence of diverse cultural values and backgrounds that learners have in the same learning setting, has any contributions (positive or negative) to the acquisition of vocabulary. An experiment was designed and executed with the participation of four groups namely: Multicultural, Bicultural, Monocultural Turkish, and Monocultural Georgian groups. The research has proved that even though there are some risks and drawbacks, multicultural groups have developed their vocabulary more than any other groups

Comparison of the efficacy of erector spinae plane block and interscalene brachial plexus block for analgesia management after arthroscopic shoulder surgery

Giriş ve Amaç: Artroskopik omuz cerrahisi yapılan hastalarda postoperatif analjezi amacıyla kullanılan yöntemler arasında altın standart interskalen brakiyal pleksus bloğu (İSB)'dur. Ultrason (US) eşliğinde yapılan erektör spina plan bloğu (ESPB), Forero ve ark. tarafından 2016 yılında tanımlanmış bir interfasiyal plan bloğudur. ESPB yüksek torakal seviyeden (T2) uygulandığında, kronik omuz ağrısı ve akut postoperatif omuz ağrısında etkili olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, artroskopik omuz cerrahisi yapılan hastalarda postoperatif analjezi yönetiminde ESPB ile İSB etkinliklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'ndan onay (29.08.2019 tarihli 26 karar no.lu izin) ve hasta onamları alındıktan sonra, genel anestezi altında artroskopik omuz cerrahisi planlanan, ASA risk skoru I-II olan 60 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Kanama diyatezi hikayesi bulunan, antikoagülan tedavi alan, lokal anestezik ve opioid ilaçlara karşı alerjisi veya duyarlılığı olan, blok uygulanacak bölgede infeksiyonu olan, gebelik şüphesi ve/veya gebe olan, emziren anneler ve işlemi kabul etmeyen hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastalar bilgisayar randomizasyon programı yardımıyla iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup ESPB'de (n=30) ESPB, Grup İSB'de (n=30) İSB planlandı. Her iki gruba postoperatif dönemde iv fentanil ile hasta kontrollü analjezi (HKA) uygulandı. İntraoperatif ve postoperatif ilk 48 saatte her iki grubun opioid tüketimi, opioid kullanımına bağlı yan etkiler ve komplikasyonlar, postoperatif VAS skorları ve kurtarıcı analjezik kullanımı kaydedildi. Bulgular: ESPB grubunda İSB grubuna göre postoperatif ilk 4 saatte VAS skorları anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p0.05). ESPB grubunda, postoperatif dönemde HKA ile kullanılan toplam fentanil tüketimi ve kurtarıcı analjezik kullanımı İSB grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (p0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, omuz cerrahisi yapılan hastalarda postoperatif analjezi açısından ESPB'nin etkin bir yöntem olduğu ancak İSB'nin analjezik etkinliğinin daha fazla olduğu görüldü. ESPB, başta hemidiyafragmatik paralizi gibi yan etkilerin olmaması, uygulamada kolaylık ve güvenlik gibi avantajları nedeniyle özellikle akciğer patolojisi bulunan hastalarda omuz artroskopisi sonrası analjezik yöntem olarak İSB'na iyi bir alternatif olabilir.Objective: Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is the gold standard method used for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Ultrasound (US) guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an interfacial plane block described by Forero et al in 2016. There are studies showing that high thoracic (T2) ESPB is effective in chronic shoulder pain and acute postoperative shoulder pain. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ESPB and ISB for the management of analgesia after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Methods: After the approval of Istanbul Medipol University Ethics Committee (permission no. 26 dated 29.08.2019) and written informed patient consents, 60 patients with ASA score I-II planned for arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were included in the study. Patients with a history of bleeding diathesis, anticoagulant treatment, allergy or sensitivity to local anesthetic and opioid drugs, infection in the block region, pregnant patients and/or suspected pregnancy, breastfeeding mothers and patients who did not accept the procedure were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups with a computer randomization program. ESPB was planned in Group ESPB (n=30), and ISB was planned in Group ISB (n=30). Intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was administered to both groups in the postoperative period. Intraoperative and postoperative opioid and analgesic consumption of both groups, side effects and complications related to opioid use, postoperative VAS scores and rescue analgesic use were recorded in the first 48 hours postoperatively. Results: VAS scores were significantly higher in the ESPB group in the first 4 hours postoperatively than in the ISB group (p0.05). The total fentanyl consumption and number of patients using rescue analgesics in the postoperative period were significantly higher in the ESPB group than in the ISB group (p0.05). Conclusion: In our study, it was seen that ESPB was an effective method in terms of analgesia after shoulder surgery, but the analgesic effectiveness of ISB was higher. ESPB may be a good alternative to ISB as an analgesic method after shoulder arthroscopy, especially in patients with lung pathology, due to its advantages such as no hemidiaphragmatic paralysis side effect, easy application and safety

Prognostic significance of PET/CT metabolic parameters and correlation with inflammatory biomarkers in Hodgkin Lymphoma.

TEZ12674Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2020.Kaynakça (s. 75-88) var.XI, 90 s. :_res., tablo ;_29 cm.Amaç: Bu çalışmada HL’da tedavi sonrası yeniden evrelemenin doğru yapılabilmesi, farklı tedavi yaklaşımlarına aday olabilecek risk açısından farklı özellikler gösteren hasta alt gruplarının doğru tanımlanabilmesi amacıyla, önemi giderek artan semikantitatif PET metabolik ölçümlerinden SUVMAX, SUVMEAN, MTV, TLG’nin prognoza etkisini ve son yıllarda kullanılan yeni inflamatuar göstergelerden SII, PNI ,NLR, LMR ile ilişkisini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi, ileri evre hastalarda prognostik öneme sahip olan kısmen inflamatuar belirteçlerden oluşan IPS7’ye tüm evrelerde anlamlı olabilecek potansiyel alternatif biyobelirteç araştırma sürecine katkıda bulunmayı hedefledik. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Balcalı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde histopatolojik olarak Hodgkin Lenfoma tanısı alan en az 6 ay takip edilmiş otoimmun hastalık ve ikincil malignite öyküsü olmayan, erişkin yaş grubunda olan (17-78) 142 hasta retrospektif olarak dahil edildi. Kayıtlarına ulaşılabilen 52 hastanın tedavi öncesi, tedavi arası ve tedavi sonrası PET metabolik parametrelerinden maksimum standardize uptake değeri (SUVMAX), ortalama standardize uptake değeri (SUVMEAN), metabolik tümör volümü (MTV), total lezyon glikolizis (TLG) ve Deauville skorları kıyaslandı. Klinik inflamatuar parametrelerden tanı anındaki sistemik immun inflamasyon indeksi (SII), prognostik nütrisyonel indeks (PNI), nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR), lenfosit/monosit oranı (LMR), lenfosit, nötrofil, monosit, trombosit sayıları ve lenfosit yüzdesi, B2 mikroglobulin, LDH düzeyleri değerlendirildi. IPS-7 ve IPS-3 skorları hesaplandı. PET/BT metabolik parametreleri ile inflamatuar biyobelirteçlerin korelasyonu ve prognostik önemi incelendi. Bulgular: PET/BT metabolik parametrelerine ulaşılan 52 hastanın tedavi öncesi SUVMAX, SUVMEAN, MTV, TLG sonuçları ile OS ve PFS ilişkisi bulunmadı. SUVMAX iPET, MTV iPET, TLG iPET ve Deauville iPET sonucu pozitif olan hastaların daha kötü prognoza sahip olduğu bulundu. Tedavi sonrası SUVMAX, SUVMEAN, MTV, TLG ve Deauville skoru toplam sağkalım (OS) ile ilişkili bulundu. Erken evre iyi risk grubundaki hastaların progresyonsuz sağkalımının (PFS) daha uzun olduğu bulundu. Bulky hastalığı olan hastalarda PFS olmayanlara göre daha kısa olduğu bulundu. Lenfosit sayısı 4,84, lenfosit/monosit oranı 2,59 olması ve Lenfosit sayısının 4.84, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio 45, B2 microglobulin value> 2.59, lymphocyte count <1.33 and the patient’s response to treatment were found to be independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion: This study, which we conducted to increase the predictive value of PET / CT, is the first study comparing PET metabolic parameters with NLR, LMR, SII and PNI in HL in the light of current literature. Although there is no significant relationship between PET metabolic parameters and inflammatory biomarkers examined, it is necessary to investigate prognostic biomarkers that may be significant in all stages . It would be beneficial to validate our data with larger patient groups