415 research outputs found
Eocene metatherians from Anatolia illuminate the assembly of an island fauna during Deep Time
Island biotas have disproportionately influenced the history and development of evolutionary
biology, but understanding their genesis and evolution across geological timescales has
been hindered by a poor fossil record. Here we augment the insular Eocene (~43 Ma) mammalian
fauna known from the Pontide terrane of central Anatolia by describing two new
metatherian taxa (stem marsupials) from the Lu¨ lu¨k Member of the Uzunc¸arşıdere Formation
in the Orhaniye Basin. Geological and paleontological data indicate that the Pontide terrane
was an island on the northern margin of Neotethys during the middle Eocene. Reflecting its
geodynamic context in a region of active tectonic convergence, the Eocene Pontide terrane
hosted a unique combination of Laurasian and Gondwanan mammals, including an anachronistic
radiation of pleuraspidotheriids (archaic ungulates) that went extinct on the European
mainland ~13 Ma earlier. Most of the mammalian clades occupying the Pontide terrane colonized
it by dispersal across marine barriers rather than being stranded there through vicariance.
Endemic radiations of pleuraspidotheriid ungulates and polydolopimorphian
metatherians on the Pontide terrane reveal that in situ diversification was an important factor
contributing to faunal assembly and evolution. The insular fauna that arose on the Pontide
terrane is highly analogous to that of modern Sulawesi, which evolved under strikingly similar
geological conditions. Illustrating the ephemeral nature of insular biotas across macroevolutionary
timescales, the demise of the Pontide fauna coincided with paleogeographic changes
enabling more cosmopolitan taxa to reach it for the first time. The high level of endemism
shown by the mammalian fauna of the Uzunc¸arşıdere Formation eliminates the Pontide terrane
as a potential early Eocene dispersal corridor between western Europe and India.INSU-2011 CT49215-12W296-13EAR- 154368
Quality of Health Care in the United States: Implications for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Institute of Medicine’s publications To Error is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm publicized the widespread deficits in U.S. health care quality. Emerging studies continue to reveal deficits in the quality of adult and pediatric care, including subspecialty care. In recent years, key stakeholders in the health care system including providers, purchasers, and the public have been applying various quality improvement methods to address these concerns. Lessons learned from these efforts in other pediatric conditions, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, neonatal intensive care, and liver transplantation may be applicable to the care of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Profiles of Patients Who Use Marijuana for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Background: Marijuana is legal in a number of states for indications that include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and patients are interested in its potential benefits. Aims: We aimed to describe the legal use of marijuana in individuals with IBD in the USA who participate within the CCFA Partners internet-based cohort. Methods: A total of 2357 participants who lived in states where prescription or recreational marijuana was legal, were offered the opportunity to complete a survey on marijuana use and IBD symptoms including perceived benefits of therapy. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with marijuana use. Results: Surveys were completed by 1666 participants (71%) with only 214 (12.8%) indicating they had asked their medical doctor about its use and 73 actually using prescribed marijuana (4.4%). Within the respondent group (N = 1666), 234 participants lived where both medical and recreational marijuana is legal and 49 (20.9%) reported recreational marijuana use specifically for IBD. Users reported positive benefits (80.7%), but users also reported more depression, anxiety, pain interference, and lower social satisfaction than non-users. Those prescribed marijuana reported more active disease, and more use of steroids, narcotics, and zolpidem. Conclusions: Few IBD patients consulted their medical doctors about marijuana use or used prescription marijuana. Where recreational marijuana was available, usage rates were higher. Users reported benefits but also more IBD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and pain. Marijuana use may be higher in patients with IBD symptoms not well treated by conventional medical approaches
Increased risk of herpes zoster among 108Â 604 patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on certain immunosuppressants have increased herpes zoster (HZ) risk
Racial and ethnic differences in the degree of participation and retention in a decentralized cohort study of COVID-19 immunization in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Introduction: Disparities in the recruitment of minority populations in research are well-documented. However, the degree of participation and retention of minorities following enrollment is less known, particularly in decentralized studies. Although decentralized clinical research methods may allow researchers to engage broader study populations with less participation burden, they may present different retention challenges. To evaluate racial and ethnic differences in the degree of participation after enrollment in a decentralized study, we analyzed data from a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases following COVID-19 immunization. Methods: We compared by race and ethnicity the following post-enrollment participation metrics: response to > 50% of follow-up surveys, donation of a blood sample for antibody testing, consent to use of bio samples for future research, and withdrawal prior to study completion. Results: Overall, we observed higher levels of post-enrollment study participation among non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants as compared to Black or Hispanic participants: 95% of NHW participants completed follow-up versus 87% of Black participants and 91% of Hispanic participants, 73% of NHW participants provided bio samples versus 64% Black participants and 67% Hispanic participants, and 65% of NHW participants provided consent for future research versus 62% of Black participants and 52% of Hispanic participants. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the degree of study participation after enrollment in this decentralized study differed by race and ethnicity, indicating that attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion is needed not only in clinical research recruitment but also throughout study administration
Strong Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Additional Doses among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disrupted health care and has resulted in high mortality rates. Vaccination is an international priority to mitigate the risks of SARS-CoV-2. The initial trials for development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines excluded individuals with immunocompromising conditions. As individuals on immunosuppression, including those with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), may not mount as robust an antibody titer to vaccination, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended an additional dose after the initial series
Transmural Inflammation, Ileitis, and Granulomas at the Time of Proctocolectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Do Not Predict Future Development of Pouchitis
Background: The most common complication following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is pouchitis. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathologic findings of ileitis, granuloma, or transmural inflammation on the colectomy specimen of patients with clinically and endoscopically diagnosed UC and the development of pouchitis within the first 2 years after IPAA. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA for UC between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2016. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between clinical factors and the development of pouchitis. We performed multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between histologic, clinical, and demographic factors at the time of colectomy and subsequent development of pouchitis. Results: Among 626 patients, pouchitis occurred in 246 (39%). Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis were more likely to develop pouchitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-7.72), as were patients with a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.77). Histologic findings of ileitis, granuloma, or transmural inflammation were not associated with an increased odds of developing pouchitis (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08). Discussion/Conclusion: Patients with ileitis, granulomas, or transmural inflammation at the time of colectomy were not at greater risk for development of pouchitis in the 2 years after IPAA. These pathological findings should not preclude IPAA for UC
All-cause hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel diseases: Can the reason for admission provide information on inpatient resource use? A study from a large veteran affairs hospital
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