8 research outputs found
The role of TPA I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis.
Previous studies have shown impaired fibrinolysis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated extracellular proteolytic enzymes as important factors in demyelinating neuroinflammatory disorders. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. In the present study, an association of the TPA Alu I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms with MS was analyzed within the Genomic Network for Multiple Sclerosis (GENoMS). METHODS: The GENoMS includes four populations (Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, and Bosnian and Herzegovinian) sharing the same geographic location and a similar ethnic background. A total of 885 patients and 656 ethnically matched healthy blood donors with no history of MS in their families were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: TPA DD homozygosity was protective (ORā=ā0.79, 95% CI 0.63-0.99, P = 0.037) and PAI 5G5G was a risk factor for MS (ORā=ā1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.66, P = 0.038). A significant effect of the genotype/carrier combination was detected in 5G5G/I carriers (ORā=ā1.39 95% CI 1.06-1.82, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significantly harmful effect of the combination of the PAI-1 5G/5G genotype and TPA I allele on MS susceptibility, which indicates the importance of gene-gene interactions in complex diseases such as MS
The Role of TPA I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G Polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis
Background. Previous studies have shown impaired fibrinolysis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated extracellular proteolytic enzymes as important factors in demyelinating neuroinflammatory disorders. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. In the present study, an association of the TPA Alu I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms with MS was analyzed within the Genomic Network for Multiple Sclerosis (GENoMS). Methods. The GENoMS includes four populations (Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, and Bosnian and Herzegovinian) sharing the same geographic location and a similar ethnic background. A total of 885 patients and 656 ethnically matched healthy blood donors with no history of MS in their families were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Results. TPA DD homozygosity was protective (ORā=ā0.79, 95% CI 0.63ā0.99, P=0.037) and PAI 5G5G was a risk factor for MS (ORā=ā1.30, 95% CI 1.01ā1.66, P=0.038). A significant effect of the genotype/carrier combination was detected in 5G5G/I carriers (ORā=ā1.39 95% CI 1.06ā1.82, P=0.017). Conclusions. We found a significantly harmful effect of the combination of the PAI-1 5G/5G genotype and TPA I allele on MS susceptibility, which indicates the importance of gene-gene interactions in complex diseases such as MS
Grad zarobljen politikom: Kako graÄani Vukovara vide svoj grad danas?
U prosincu 2020. godine provedeno je istraživanje stavova graÄana o životu u Vukovaru danas, prvo u nekoliko fokusnih grupa, a zatim anketom na uzorku od 372 graÄana Vukovara. Ispitani su stavovi prema razliÄitim aspektima života u gradu (stav prema lokalnoj vlasti, percepcija odnosa opÄe javnosti prema Vukovaru, stav prema meÄunacionalnom pomirenju, stav prema postojeÄim lokalnim politikama i doživljaj nacionalne podijeljenosti grada), stupanj povjerenja u razliÄite pojedince, grupe ljudi i institucije, percepcija prisutnosti pojedinih problema u gradu i prednosti života u Vukovaru, stav o tome koliko je ulazak Hrvatske u EU pridonio razliÄitim aspektima života u gradu, te percepcija buduÄnosti grada u iduÄih pet godina. Rezultati pokazuju da graÄani Vukovara svoju sadaÅ”njicu doživljavaju složenom, bremenitom problemima i izazovima, te smatraju da niti lokalna niti državna vlast ne nude rjeÅ”enja za njihove probleme. Ne vide takoÄer niti da je prikljuÄivanje Europskoj uniji bitnije pridonijelo rjeÅ”avanju kljuÄnih pitanja. Najistaknutiji su problemi iseljavanja mladih, nedostatak radnih mjesta, podijeljenost djece u vrtiÄima i Å”kolama i loÅ”a politiÄka atmosfera u gradu, a graÄani ne vide da Äe se Å”to bitnije promijeniti u bliskoj buduÄnosti. Premda graÄani jasno prepoznaju prednosti i potencijale Vukovara, ne misle da se grad može razvijati uz sadaÅ”nju lokalnu i državnu politiku, koja je viÅ”e usmjerena na sliku Vukovara kao simbola ratne proÅ”losti, nego kao grada buduÄnosti. Iskazano povjerenje u organizacije civilnog druÅ”tva otvara prostor za aktivnije angažiranje samih graÄana i oblikovanje programa i aktivnosti usmjerenih na zadovoljavanje stvarnih potreba i interesa graÄana, izgradnju funkcionalne zajednice i bolji život svih ljudi
Grad zarobljen politikom: Kako graÄani Vukovara vide svoj grad danas?
U prosincu 2020. godine provedeno je istraživanje stavova graÄana o životu u Vukovaru danas, prvo u nekoliko fokusnih grupa, a zatim anketom na uzorku od 372 graÄana Vukovara. Ispitani su stavovi prema razliÄitim aspektima života u gradu (stav prema lokalnoj vlasti, percepcija odnosa opÄe javnosti prema Vukovaru, stav prema meÄunacionalnom pomirenju, stav prema postojeÄim lokalnim politikama i doživljaj nacionalne podijeljenosti grada), stupanj povjerenja u razliÄite pojedince, grupe ljudi i institucije, percepcija prisutnosti pojedinih problema u gradu i prednosti života u Vukovaru, stav o tome koliko je ulazak Hrvatske u EU pridonio razliÄitim aspektima života u gradu, te percepcija buduÄnosti grada u iduÄih pet godina. Rezultati pokazuju da graÄani Vukovara svoju sadaÅ”njicu doživljavaju složenom, bremenitom problemima i izazovima, te smatraju da niti lokalna niti državna vlast ne nude rjeÅ”enja za njihove probleme. Ne vide takoÄer niti da je prikljuÄivanje Europskoj uniji bitnije pridonijelo rjeÅ”avanju kljuÄnih pitanja. Najistaknutiji su problemi iseljavanja mladih, nedostatak radnih mjesta, podijeljenost djece u vrtiÄima i Å”kolama i loÅ”a politiÄka atmosfera u gradu, a graÄani ne vide da Äe se Å”to bitnije promijeniti u bliskoj buduÄnosti. Premda graÄani jasno prepoznaju prednosti i potencijale Vukovara, ne misle da se grad može razvijati uz sadaÅ”nju lokalnu i državnu politiku, koja je viÅ”e usmjerena na sliku Vukovara kao simbola ratne proÅ”losti, nego kao grada buduÄnosti. Iskazano povjerenje u organizacije civilnog druÅ”tva otvara prostor za aktivnije angažiranje samih graÄana i oblikovanje programa i aktivnosti usmjerenih na zadovoljavanje stvarnih potreba i interesa graÄana, izgradnju funkcionalne zajednice i bolji život svih ljudi
We Are (Not) in the Same Boat: Sociodemographic Differences in Mental and Social Health during the First Year of Coronavirus Pandemic
The study explores changes in mental and social health over two time points during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic, as well as differences in mental and social health among five sociodemographic groups determined by gender, age, socioeconomic status, education and employment status. The online survey was conducted during August and September 2020, and again during January 2021 on a probabilistic sample of adults in Croatia. A total of 958 adults participated in both time points. Our results indicate that, when there are any, changes in mental health are small, while changes in social health are slightly larger. Moreover, the coronavirus pandemic seems to disproportionately affect different socioeconomic groups. Women, young adults, people with low socioeconomic status, with primary education and unemployed generally had worse mental health in the first year of the coronavirus pandemic. Also, some social health indicators deteriorated more among older participants, people with low socioeconomic status, primary education and unemployed. Future studies should continue to monitor changes in mental and social health and appropriate interventions for the most vulnerable should be planned and introduced
Genetics of neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerativne bolesti u koje ubrajamo Alzheimerovu bolest, Parkinsonovu bolest,
progresivnu supranuklearnu paralizu, frontotemporalnu demenciju, kortikobazalnu degeneraciju,
Huntingtonovu bolest, prionsku bolest, amiotrofiÄnu lateralnu sklerozu i spinocerebelarne
ataksije jesu bolesti nakupljanja. Njihova patologija vezuje se uz abnormalne proteine
koji se meÄusobno povezuju i talože u srediÅ”njem živÄanom sustavu uzrokujuÄi postepeno i
progredijentno propadanje živÄanog tkiva i karakteristiÄne manifestacije bolesti. U neurodegenerativne
bolesti pribraja se i autoimuna demijelinizirajuÄa bolest multipla skleroza, koja za
razliku od veÄine navedenih bolesti zahvaÄa mlaÄu populaciju. Neurodegenerativne bolesti
najÄeÅ”Äe nastaju pod utjecajem genetiÄkih, epigenetiÄkih i okoliÅ”nih Äimbenika te ih ubrajamo
u multifaktorske bolesti, premda su opisani i sluÄajevi monogenskog nasljeÄivanja. Utjecaj
gena kao riziÄnih faktora utvrÄen je ne samo u nasljednih, veÄ i u sporadiÄnih formi. MnoÅ”tvo
gena vezuje se uz predispoziciju za razvoj ovih bolesti, a neki od njih smatraju se odgovornim
za nastup viÅ”e neurodegenerativnih poremeÄaja. Mnogi geni joÅ” nisu otkriveni, a mnogima
koji su potvrÄeni nije u potpunosti objaÅ”njena funkcija. Iako su naznake genske terapije veÄ
opisane u nekih, kao npr. Parkinsonovoj bolesti, terapija do danas nije bazirana na modifikaciji
gena podložnosti. Od buduÄih istraživanja oÄekuje se otkrivanje novih genetiÄkih biljega i rasvjetljavanje
epistatskih i epigenetiÄkih interakcija, koje zasigurno imaju znaÄajnu ulogu u
kompleksnoj podložnosti za neurodegenerativne bolesti.neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer disease, Parkinsonās disease, progressive
supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington
disease, prion disease, amiotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebelar ataxias are storage
diseases. Their pathophysiology can be linked to abnormal proteins which settle down in central
nervous system causing a slow and progressive breakdown of nervous tissue and cause
typical manifestations of the disease. Autoimmune demyelinating disease as multiple sclerosis
is as well thought to be a neurodegenerative disease, which in difference to other diseases,
occurs in younger population. Neurodegenerative diseases mostly occur as a consequence of
genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors and we think of them as multifactorial diseases;
even though cases of monogenetic inheritance have been postulated. The contribution of
genes as risk factors has been postulated not only in genetically inherited forms but also in
sporadic forms. Many genes have been thought to be of importance for the development of
disease, and some have been thought to contribute to a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
Many genes have still not been discovered, and in a number of described genes no explanation
was given of their function in disease development. Although gene therapy was
postulated in some diseases, as in Parkinsonās disease, the modification of risk genes has still
not taken its turn in. Future investigations should enlighten new genetic markers and epistatic
and epidgenetic interactions which have an important role in complex predisposition for neurodegenerative
disease
To survive and live: Croatian society during the corona crisis
Ovo je istraživanje provedeno krajem kolovoza i poÄetkom rujna 2020. na nacionalnom probabilistiÄkom uzorku od 1060 odraslih sudionika u dobi od 18 do 74 godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi neke mentalnozdravstvene i druÅ”tvene posljedice suoÄavanja s pandemijom koronavirusa. Indikatori mentalnog stanja graÄana govore da se najveÄi dio njih zasad relativno uspjeÅ”no nosi s krizom ā razine doživljenoga stresa izazvanoga okolnostima pandemije su umjerene, kao i procijenjeno zadovoljstvo životom. MeÄutim, oko petine sudionika izvjeÅ”tava o izraženijim emocionalnim teÅ”koÄama u noÅ”enju s izazovima pandemije. Rezultati na razliÄitim indikatorima mentalnog zdravlja i percepcije stanja druÅ”tva pokazuju da oni mentalnozdravstveno pogoÄeniji krizom ujedno percipiraju i druÅ”tvo u kojem žive loÅ”ijim. I premda graÄani visoko vrednuju graÄanske slobode, njih gotovo Äetvrtina iskazuje sumnju da mogu osobno utjecati na ishode dogaÄaja oko sebe. Udruženo s opÄenitom niskim povjerenjem u institucije i izraženijom percepcijom druÅ”tvene dezintegriranosti i odsustva vodstva, naÅ”i rezultati upuÄuju na to da hrvatsko druÅ”tvo pokazuje znatne deficite zdravog funkcioniranja. Ove je trendove važno prepoznati na vrijeme i zaustaviti, jer je za oÄekivati da Äe produbljivanjem krize koja viÅ”e neÄe biti samo zdravstvena, nego i ekonomska i opÄedruÅ”tvena, raslojavanje postati sve intenzivnije, a kohezivni se elementi mogu pokrenuti i potaknuti samo aktivnim ukljuÄivanjem i sudjelovanjem graÄana u druÅ”tvenom oporavku.A research project entitled (Rebuilding) Society: A Longitudinal Study of Post-Corona Social Recovery in the Croatian General Population (ReSPoC), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation, sought to address the psychological and social consequences of facing the long-standing coronavirus pandemic in Croatia, as well as whether Croatia, as a society, can recover from the pandemic. The research was conceived as a longitudinal study that assessed, at three points in time over the course of a year, how Croatian citizens faced the pandemic, how they perceived the society in which they lived and what kind of society they expected in the future
Hrvatsko druŔtvo u vrijeme koronakrize: godinu dana poslije
IN CROATIAN: Projektni tim ReSPoC pratio je od kolovoza 2020. do rujna 2021., u tri vremenske toÄke, na uzorku od 867 sudionika kako se hrvatski graÄani suoÄavaju s pandemijom korona-virusa, kako vide druÅ”tvo u kojem žive i kakvo druÅ”tvo oÄekuju u buduÄnosti. Rezultati i preporuke koje donosimo na temelju njih utemeljeni su na analizi tri skupine ispitanih indikatora: 1. mjere povezane s kljuÄnim iskustvima u vezi s pandemijom, ukljuÄujuÄi i namjeru cijepljenja ; 2. mjere nekih od indikatora mentalnoga zdravlja i 3. indikatori povezani s time kako graÄani pod okolnostima pandemije procjenjuju neka obilježja države i druÅ”tva u kojem žive. --------------- IN ENGLISH: The ReSPoC project team monitored from August 2020 to September 2021, at three points in time, on a sample of 867 participants, how Croatian citizens are facing the corona virus pandemic, how they see the society they live in and what kind of society they expect in the future. The results and recommendations we make based on them are based on the analysis of three groups of examined indicators: 1. measures related to key experiences related to the pandemic, including the intention to vaccinate; 2. measures of some of the mental health indicators and 3. indicators related to how citizens under the circumstances of the pandemic evaluate some features of the state and society in which they live