11,281 research outputs found
Mass Spectra of N=2 Supersymmetric SU(n) Chern-Simons-Higgs Theories
An algebraic method is used to work out the mass spectra and symmetry
breaking patterns of general vacuum states in N=2 supersymmetric SU(n)
Chern-Simons-Higgs systems with the matter fields being in the adjoint
representation. The approach provides with us a natural basis for fields, which
will be useful for further studies in the self-dual solutions and quantum
corrections. As the vacuum states satisfy the SU(2) algebra, it is not
surprising to find that their spectra are closely related to that of angular
momentum addition in quantum mechanics. The analysis can be easily generalized
to other classical Lie groups.Comment: 17 pages, use revte
The Chern-Simons Coefficient in Supersymmetric Non-abelian Chern-Simons Higgs Theories
By taking into account the effect of the would be Chern-Simons term, we
calculate the quantum correction to the Chern-Simons coefficient in
supersymmetric Chern-Simons Higgs theories with matter fields in the
fundamental representation of SU(n). Because of supersymmetry, the corrections
in the symmetric and Higgs phases are identical. In particular, the correction
is vanishing for N=3 supersymmetric Chern-Simons Higgs theories. The result
should be quite general, and have important implication for the more
interesting case when the Higgs is in the adjoint representation.Comment: more references and explanation about rgularization dpendence are
included, 13 pages, 1 figure, latex with revte
Astrophysical Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions
In the Kaluza-Klein (KK) scenario with n large extra dimensions where gravity
propagates in the 4+n dimensional bulk of spacetime while gauge and matter
fields are confined to a four dimensional subspace, the light graviton KK modes
can be produced in the Sun, red giants and supernovae. We study the energy-loss
rates through photon-photon annihilation, electron-positron annihilation,
gravi-Compton-Primakoff scattering, gravi-bremsstrahlung and nucleon-nucleon
bremsstrahlung, and derive lower limits to the string scale M_S. The most
stringent lower limit obtained from SN1987A leads to TeV
(2.1-9.2 TeV) for the case of two (three) large extra dimensions.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; minor corrections, references adde
The BPS Domain Wall Solutions in Self-Dual Chern-Simons-Higgs Systems
We study domain wall solitons in the relativistic self-dual Chern-Simons
Higgs systems by the dimensional reduction method to two dimensional spacetime.
The Bogomolny bound on the energy is given by two conserved quantities in a
similar way that the energy bound for BPS dyons is set in some Yang-Mills-Higgs
systems in four dimensions. We find the explicit soliton configurations which
saturate the energy bound and their nonrelativistic counter parts. We also
discuss the underlying N=2 supersymmetry.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figure, a minor change in acknowledgment
Predicting the size and probability of epidemics in a population with heterogeneous infectiousness and susceptibility
We analytically address disease outbreaks in large, random networks with
heterogeneous infectivity and susceptibility. The transmissibility
(the probability that infection of causes infection of ) depends on the
infectivity of and the susceptibility of . Initially a single node is
infected, following which a large-scale epidemic may or may not occur. We use a
generating function approach to study how heterogeneity affects the probability
that an epidemic occurs and, if one occurs, its attack rate (the fraction
infected). For fixed average transmissibility, we find upper and lower bounds
on these. An epidemic is most likely if infectivity is homogeneous and least
likely if the variance of infectivity is maximized. Similarly, the attack rate
is largest if susceptibility is homogeneous and smallest if the variance is
maximized. We further show that heterogeneity in infectious period is
important, contrary to assumptions of previous studies. We confirm our
theoretical predictions by simulation. Our results have implications for
control strategy design and identification of populations at higher risk from
an epidemic.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Self-dual Maxwell Chern-Simons Solitons In 1+1 Dimensions
We study the domain wall soliton solutions in the relativistic self-dual
Maxwell Chern-Simons model in 1+1 dimensions obtained by the dimensional
reduction of the 2+1 model. Both topological and nontopological self-dual
solutions are found in this case. A la BPS dyons here the Bogomol'ny bound on
the energy is expressed in terms of two conserved quantities. We discuss the
underlying supersymmetry. Nonrelativistic limit of this model is also
considered and static, nonrelativistic self-dual soliton solutions are
obtained.Comment: 18 pages RevTex, 2 figures included, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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