Augustana Seniors Fall 1885: Alfred Lind

Alfred Lind was a senior at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois, in the fall of 1885. His name appears in the college catalog of 1885 – 1886, along with his birthplace, the year of his birth, and a few other facts. From this start, we researched the genealogy and family history of Alfred Lind. This paper contains a short biography of Lind, a report on his ancestors, a report on his descendants, and some open questions for further researc

Efficacy of Yale observation scale to detect serious bacterial infection in febrile children aged one to 36 months

Introductions: In most children aged 1-36 months, the cause of a febrile illnessis a self limiting viral infection. It is very difficult to distinguish these fromserious bacterial infection. Objective of this study is to assess the efficacy ofthe Yale Observation Scale (YOS) to detect serious bacterial infection in febrilechildren aged 1-36 months.Methods: YOS scores were assigned as a part of a cross- sectional study in100 children presenting in Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with fever todivide the child into well- looking if YOS ≤10 or ill- looking if YOS >10. Then the history, examination and necessary investigation was performed to come to a diagnosis of non- serious illness and serious bacterial infection.Results: Serious bacterial infection was found in 33(33%) of the patients. Thesensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for a YOS scoregreater than 10 to detect serious bacterial infection were 45.45%, 88.05%%,65.21% and 76.62%, respectively.Conclusions: A YOS ≤10 predicts non-serious illness while a YOS>10 does notnecessarily indicate serious bacterial infection and should undergo furtherevaluation to confirm serious bacterial infection.Keywords: febrile children, serious bacterial infection, yale observation scal

Inspecting the role of positive emotions, adaptive coping, and psychological resources to explain the strengthening of resilience after stress exposure

A few studies have indicated the resilience promoting role of stressors but there is a lack of studies to delineate the underlying mechanisms. To address that gap of knowledge, this study utilizes a combination of broaden and build theory (Fredrickson, 1998, 2001b) and the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to delineate the mechanisms underlying strengthening of resilience upon exposure to stressors. The main underpinnings of the theoretical model are two pathways that lead to resilience. Based on the broaden and build theory, the experience of positive emotions will lead to resilience via adaptive coping and psychological resources. The other pathway to resilience is via adaptively coping to stress. A cross sectional online survey was utilised to test the hypothesised model. A total of 506 students filled out the survey, and a total of 276 valid responses were obtained. Results generally supported the overall theoretical model. Concerning individual paths, contrary to the hypothesis, stress was negatively related to resilience. However, adaptive coping and positive emotions alleviated the negative effect of stress on resilience. Further, it was found that positive reappraisal alleviated the negative effect of stress on positive emotions. Also, adaptive coping was negatively related to resilience probably because of the uncontrollable nature of stressors. Experience of positive emotions relate to resilience via adaptive coping and psychological resources, namely self-efficacy and hope. Thus, initial findings suggest that positive emotions relate to resilience via the broaden and the build pathways, separately. Finally, the potential practical implications of a loving kindness meditation for university students. Directions for future research on resilience are discussed

Syngraph: An application for graphic display and interactive use of synonym lists

Multiple names that refer to a single species (synonyms) and more than one species being referred to by the same name (homonyms) bedevil taxonomy. They produce ambiguity about the entity under discussion. Syngraph is a computer application that organizes information about synonyms and homonyms. It can track different names that potentially have been applied to the same species, or identical names that have been applied to different species. It can create a list of synonyms in conventional format for use in publication, as for a taxonomic monograph. It can also display and print names so they are linked, thereby providing information on the conceptual basis of a name and the action taken in a publication. In the display, each name is imposed on a color-coded rectangle; all names on rectangles of the same color refer to records that stem from a single description. This allows quick visualization of the taxonomic history. When linked to a geographical information system application, the color can be used for points plotted on a map that displays the geographical locality of specimens referred to in each record. This visualization of the geographic distribution of the nominal species can provide tests of the hypothesis that the names are, indeed, synonyms. Syngraph is available for download; help files accompany the executable files

Genetic Relationship among Nepalese Rice Landraces and Cultivars based on RAPD Markers

Genetic information of any genotype is necessary to manage and utilize them in conservation and breeding program. A total of 28 RAPD markers were used to relate the genetic structure among 50 Nepalese rice genotypes consisting of 29 landraces, 12 breeding lines and 9 released cultivars. Some of them are aromatic and blast resistance. Only four primers (P41, P60, P109 and P141) amplified the DNA of these genotypes with scorable bands. Primer 60 produced the highest number of bands (8). The highest number of present bands (6) was shown by primer 41 in 10 rice genotypes. Grouping of these genotypes based on the adaptation to agro-climatic zone was not observed, probably due to low percentage coverage of genome by four primers.  Most of the genotypes grouped in two clusters. Kali Marsi and IR-24 formed separate individual cluster. Mansara and Jarneli were the most similar landraces (0.96). Churenodhan and Pranpyuri were the most closely related with Masuli. Only one genotype NR-285-18 has fallen in the first quadrant by principal component (PC) analysis and the fourth quadrant was empty. The highest contribution in PC1 was from the second band of primer 41. This RAPD information can be used for selecting lines and for blast resistance breeding.Key words: Genetic distance; rice; RAPDDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v2i1.5635Nepal Journal of Biotechnology Jan.2012, Vol.2(1): 16-2

On the variants of Newari vowels: A study in phonological non-alignment

From the introduction: Newari vowels display marked individualistic tendencies. There is a prominent asymmetry in the relation between long and short vowels in that there are six short vowels, /i, e, ā, a, o, u/, but eight long vowels, /ii, ee, ae, āe, aa, āā, oo, uu/. More interesting for this study, however, is the fact that no two of these vowels respond to exactly the same set of low level phonetic rules, or are influenced in manifesting one phonetic exponent or another by the same set of phonological environments. In this paper we explore these phonetic differences in the attempt to show that underlying all the idiosyncratic behavior there is a system that accounts for it, a system that we are tempted to refer to as the politics of phonetic non-alignment. Non-alignment in the phonetics of Newari vowels, however, does not lead to egalitarian independence. Rather, it leads to salient inequalities in the degree to which various vowels are forced to modify their phonetic manifestations in the face of pressures from the phonological context