Electrophilic substitution. reactions of indoles: Part XVIII - Further investigation on the synthesis of benzazepinone skeleton

761-76

Transgenic Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with resistance to the mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.)

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), the chitin-binding lectin from wheat germ, has been shown to be antimetabolic, antifeedant and insecticidal to the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi. Kalt). A cDNA encoding WGA was transferred to Indian mustard (Brassica juncea cv. RLM-198) through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Southern analysis of the transgenics showed the integration of the transgene, while Northern and Western analyses demonstrated that the transgene was expressed in the transgenics. Bioassays using leaf discs showed that feeding on transgenics induced high mortality and significantly reduced fecundity of aphids

Electrophilic substitution of indoles : Part XXI - Further investigation on the formation of the benzazepinone skeleton

2573-2576An interesting observation was made during the electrophilic substitution of indole with 5,5-dimethyl cyclohexane 1,3-dione resulting in the synthesis of 2,3,4,5, 10,11- hexahydro-3,3-dimelhyl-11- (indo-3-yl)-dibenz-[b,f]azepine-1-one system. The reactions with 2-methyl- and 3-methyl indoles resulted in the formation of only the 1:1 product. The structures of the products have been settled on the basis of their UV, IR.1H and 13C NMR spectral studies and MS analysis

Modification of erucic acid content in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) by up-regulation and down-regulation of the Brassica juncea FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (BjFAE1) gene

In Brassicas, the Fatty Acid Elongation1 (FAE1) gene product, a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, is the first in a 4-enzyme complex involved in the synthesis of erucic acid from oleic acid. The FAE1 homologue from Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold was cloned in a binary vector both in sense and antisense orientations under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The recombinant binary vectors were used to transform B. juncea cv. RLM 198 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the transgene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization. Northern and western analyses showed the expression of the gene and protein, respectively, in the transgenic plants. Analyses of the fatty acid profile of the seed oil from homozygous T4 generation seeds revealed that over-expression of the FAE1 gene caused a 36% increase in the percent of erucic acid (37-49% compared to 36% in untransformed control). The down-regulation of FAE1 caused an 86% decrease in the percent of erucic acid to as low as 5% in the seed oil of transgenic plants. Thus, it is clearly possible to alter erucic acid content of mustard by altering the expression level of the FAE 1 gene

Reactions and rearrangements of triterpenoids-3-Epitaraxerol and its transformation products

1322-1330<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">An interesting rearrangement has been observed with 2, 14-taraxeradiene 1 using m-chloroperbenzoic acid. With this reagent compound 1, in methylene chloride, affords olean-2α-epoxy-12-ene-15α-oI 3 (confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis) through the intermediate 2α,14α-diepoxytaraxerane 4. The latter 4 has also been isolated from the same reaction mixture. This backbone rearrangement from the Δ14-taraxarene skeleton 4 to Δ12-0leanane structure 3, with C1 5-α-ol<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#282828;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">,<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">confirms α-orientation of the epoxy ring formed at Δ14 in 4. Subsequent opening of the intermediate oxirane at Δ14 therefore must occurr via the generation of an incipient carbonium ion at C(14) to allow the migration of C(13)CH3 to C(14) from the same α phase. Compound 4 also undergoes rearrangement to oIean-12-ene-2α,3β,15α-trioI 5 with boron trifluoride etheratein methylene chloride.</span