Reformation of Culture through Language and Translation

This research paper sheds light on the reformation of culture through language and translation. It introduces the definitions of language, culture, and translation.  It further explains the relationship between culture, language, and translation concerning the scholarly papers. The phenomenon by which the culture is built by different languages linking to the way we emote feelings and thoughts, which is achieved through the process of translation. This paper shows the study of how the culture gets reformed through language and translation getting even more transformed structurally in the upcoming generations. The reformation is seen not only in non-fictional works but also traces the fictional plays and novels that are cited with authentic references. Limitations such as not translating the words with accurate meaning may give the pessimistic approach but how it promotes people in learning varied concepts of language getting introduced to vast culture is dealt detail. This paper also deals with cultural refinement through linguistic anthropology and postcolonialism. This study shows the level of consciousness of people towards language and translation giving allowance to get introduced to particular cultures that promotes unity with examples. The language reflects culture, providing the study of refinement in language mirroring the culture, hence proving literacy is directly connected with the culture in education. The translation is the best influencer taking its turn of shifting people from one culture to taste another. To build up a valid society, the need for inculcating in-depth knowledge of language and culture through translation helps in building the culture for posterity

Synthesis of γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and copper doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles by sonochemical method

Nanoparticles of undoped and copper doped with Fe3O4 of three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) are synthesized by sonochemical method. Structural, optical and morphological properties of these compounds were studied. Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio is found to be 2.36. Crystalline structure, lattice parameters, surface morphologies, direct and indirect band gap energies of the synthesized compounds were estimated and the results are discussed in detail. The XDR analysis indicates the Cu doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles have higher crystallinity than undoped samples. Average crystallite size is found to increase as Cu concentration increased. The FTIR results are proven by the presence of mixed magnetite-hematite nanostructures and it is complement to the XRD results. The presence of spherical, polygonal and agglomeration forms of the particles are visually seen in the SEM images. Direct and indirect band gap energy is found to be decreased as the copper concentration was increased

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA STEM AND FRUIT EXTRACTS USING DISC DIFFUSION METHOD

Objective: Opuntia ficus indica is a medicinal plant belonging to family Cactaceae. It is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant important in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. The fruit and stem are used to prepare worth added products, fruits jam, squash, drinks, preserve product of pickle, body lotion, shampoo and creams, etc. Methods: For the preliminary study, various extracts of stem and fruit has been used to check the efficacy of antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria of gram-positive and gram-negative strain respectively using disc diffusion method. Results: The stem and fruit extracts showed various levels of activity on different test organisms. The methanol fruit extracts showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis compared with other extracts. Aqueous extract of stem and fruit showed less antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the methanol extracts of the fruit of Opuntia ficus indica contain compounds that can form the basis for the development of a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial formulation

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND INVITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACT OF AZARDIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)

Objective: To perform GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica bark. Methods: The dried powdered bark of Azadirachta indica (5g) were extracted exhaustively by crude and then fractionated into water, acetone, chloroform and ethanol. The bark ethanol extract was analyzed by GC-MS to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the crude extracts. Results: Ethanol extract was found to contain the highest zone of inhibition against E. coli. In vitro antibacterial activities of ethanol extract were significant and comparable with the other extracts. Hence, the ethanol extract was selected for GC-MS and to identify the presence of 5 compounds in ethanol extracts. Conclusion: Findings from this study state that the plant Azadirachta indica can be a potent source for treating diverse medicinal properties especially infectious diseases

Optimized Production Of Poly(3- Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3- Hydroxyvalerate) From Cupriavidus Sp. Usmaa2-4 And Its Characterization

olihidroksialkanoat (PHA) adalah termoplastik bersifat bioserasi dan biodegradasi yang mempunyai kebolehan sebagai pengganti sumber-sumber yang tidak boleh diperbaharui. PHA dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisma secara intraselular sebagai tenaga dan sumber karbon terpelihara. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastic that has the potential to replace non-renewable resources. It is produced by microorganisms as intracellular energy and reserve material. P(3HB)\ud homopolymer is stiff while copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] was found flexible depending on the 3HV monomer composition

Identification of New PCR Targets and its Validation for Development of Nucleic Acid-based Detection Assay for Melioidosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei the gram negative, soil saprophyte is the causative agent of melioidosis in human and animals. Development of rapid, sensitive, species specific and cost effective molecular assays are needed for detection of B. pseudomallei from clinical and environmental samples and to differentiate it from other closely related bacterial species. In this study, insilico approach was used to identify new species specific gene targets for molecular diagnosis of B. pseudomallei. The identified targets were then analyzed by SYBR Green real time PCR assay for their specificity, sensitivity and presence across different Indian clinical and soil isolates of B. pseudomallei. Out of the three targets studied SYBR Green real time PCR assay targeting bpss0091 gene of B. pseudomallei was found 100% specific, having detection limit of 12.3fg/µl DNA. The bpss0091 gene target was present in all clinical and soil isolates of B. pseudomallei tested thus suggesting bpss0091 gene based SYBR Green real time PCR assay will be useful for detection of B. pseudomallei in different geographical regions

Brand Preference of Two Wheeler's: Problems and Satisfaction Level of Consumers

Transport is an important aid for better hiring. Two — wheelers are becoming more popular especially among the people belonging to middle income group. There are wide choice of brands there is a stiff competition among the manufactures and marketers to attract the attention of buyers. People prefer a specific model of motorcycle among different brands for various reasons like price, maintenance, fuel efficiency appearance, durability and resale value.Today the iwo wheeler industry plays a significant role in the Indian economy. India is the second largest manufactures of two — wheelers in the world.One of the very important characteristics of economic development is the transformation of luxury goods into necessary goods. In recent time one such goods, which has been highly demanded by the customers, is the motor cycle possessing a mechanical devices for conveyance is an indicator of good standard of living. Hence an attempt to be made on the Brand Preference of Two—Wheelers Problems and Satisfaction of consumers

Digital skills recruitment challenges in small enterprises: the role of blockchain

Industry reports estimate blockchain can potentially generate around $3.1 trillion in new businesses by 2030. These latest digital technologies present more opportunities for all sizes of enterprises to grow. However, they also create new challenges for the small enterprises in adopting such technologies for their individual business needs. While the growth of digital technologies and their impact is explicit, it is also evidenced that small enterprises struggle to recruit and train the digital skills required to effectively use these innovations. This study conducted a literature survey to analyse how blockchain can contribute to small enterprises benefits. Based on the blockchain social ecosystems’ analysis, this study proposes a National Digital Skills Recruitment Chains (NDSRC) model that explicates how blockchain characteristics (digital trust, data immutability, privacy, and security) can play a role in addressing the digital skills recruitment challenges in small enterprises

Scope for Industry 4.0 in Agri-food Supply Chain

This study investigates the current capabilities and technologies adopted in the agri-food industry in Australia and the scope for transition to Industry 4.0. Data were collected from 360 firms representing suppliers, producers, manufacturers, wholesalers, logistics providers and retailers to represent a supply chain perspective. The technologies and strategies were grouped based on the various supply chain players against the maturity stages of Industry 4.0 as prescribed by Schuh et al (2017) in order to discern the integration efforts and degree of interoperability in the supply chain. We establish that upstream players tend to adopt technology mainly for internal operational efficiencies and B2B transactions. We propose that the individual orientation, interoperability and capabilities of these firms will need to be reassessed to derive a systematic plan for progression into a technology architecture for the overall supply chain. Despite the fragmented adoption of advance technologies evident at various points of value creation in the supply chain, we recognize and highlight the vulnerability of many small businesses and upstream players in the food industry who appear to be lagging behind in the fourth industrial revolution as well as the disruptive changes entailed to keep up and compete in the digital age

Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment and Welding Parameters on Mechanical and Corrosion Characteristics of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy AA2014-T6

This paper addresses the effect of post weld heat treatment methods on the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of friction stir welded Aluminum alloy AA2014-T6. Aluminum alloy AA2014 is mainly used in application where there is a greater demand for high strength to weight ratio like aerospace, marine and industrial applications. In this work, AA2014-T6 plates of 6 mm thick were butt welded using a tool with a square profile. The tensile strength, hardness and corrosion characteristics were compared between the as welded and post weld heat treated samples. It was found that the welded samples heat treated with the low ageing period (8hrs) show improved tensile strength irrespective of the welding process parameters compared to the as-welded samples. Whereas the samples heat treated with high ageing period (9hrs) show a decline in tensile strength for low tool rotation speed. The hardness of the samples has increased in welded samples heat treated with low ageing period. The welded samples heat treated with high ageing period show high passivity in the corrosion mediaThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author