Amniotic membrane as a scaffold in wound healing and diabetic foot ulcer: an experimental technique and recommendations

Background: Human amniotic membrane has been used clinically in a variety of applications for over the past 100 years and produced a significant amount of data in multiple areas of medicine. Its clinical usage ranges from wound coverage for burn victims to healing of the conjunctiva after pterygium repair. The amniotic membrane natural properties provide an easy to use, safe option for various medical applications. There is need to develop a method for storage of amniotic membrane which can retain the biological properties and as well have long shelf life too.Methods: The experimental technique was standardized for cryopreservation of amniotic membrane. For this, amniotic membrane was obtained from mothers who had delivered through caesarean section with their consent.Results: The standardized protocol for cryopreservation of amniotic membrane was found to be safe and preserved amniotic membrane is expected to have long shelf life.  Conclusions: The advantages associated with amniotic membrane such as easily available, inexpensive, non-immunogenic and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties make it a suitable graft to be used in wound healing and diabetic foot ulcers

Determination of Antibody Titration between Clinical and Community-Based Patients for O, H, AH and BH Antigens in Salmonella Samples

The aim of the study is to determine the baseline antibody titer of Salmonella bacteria in different positive samples with a view to establishing the significant titer for Widal agglutination test in Kashmir. The Widal test was performed on each serum. The slide agglutination test was first done and then positive samples were further subjected to tube agglutination for quantitative titration. The most commonly utilized diagnostic test for enteric fever is a Widal test, which detects agglutinating antibodies against the O, H, AH and BH antigens of S. typhi. The results of the Widal test showed that out of 413 samples 219 were positive for Antigen O, 165 were positive for Antigen H, 17 were positive for Antigen AH and 12 were positive for Antigen BH. The highest percentage cases were with Antigen-O whereas the lowest percentage was found in Antigen-BH. The difference between clinical and community-based patients have been studied. Keywords: Aetiology, Antigen, Enteric fever, Morbidity, Salmonella typhi, Widal test

In-Vivo Studies on Anti-Diabetic Potential of Leucas Aspera in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats

Nanotechnology is being a utilized in medicine for diagnosis, therapeutic drug delivery and for the development of treatment for many ailments and disorders specifically in the areas of drug delivery, as medical diagnostic tools, and as diseases cure agents. During the past decades, the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has received considerable attention due to the growing need to develop environmentally sociable technologies in material synthesis. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats and, serum creatinine, blood urea, protein content, enzymatic antioxidant, and non-enzymatic antioxidant was estimated.  This study evidenced the efficacy of the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in the in-vivo model. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Leucas aspera, Streptozotocin (STZ)

The Drug Changing Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern of Different Antibiotics and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against Salmonella

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Formulation of Effective Microbial Consortium and Its Application for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

The present study was conducted for auto mobile industry, food industry and pharmaceutical industries waste water treatment using effective microbial consortium. The effective microorganisms like Acinetobacter pittii, Escherichia coli, Fictibacillus nanhaiensis, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Planococcus maritimus were isolated from respective sources. The microbial consortium was formulated using molasses as medium at pH 3.8 and incubated at 37°C for 3 days. The results showed that the formulated consortium was efficient for industrial waste water treatment and thereby it reduced the environmental impact. Keywords: Bio-remediation, Microbial consortium, Industrial waste water, Heavy metal

Solanum tuberosum extract mediated synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity

In the present study, the potential of aqueous extract of Solanum tuberosum for synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) was evaluated. An eco-friendly synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and characteristics of the obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticles were effectively utilized for the antibacterial activity and antioxidant studies. The rapid biological synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using the extract of S. tuberosum provides an environment friendly, simple and efficient route. From the results, it is suggested that synthesized Iron Oxide could be used effective in future biomedical engineering. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, Solanum tuberosum

Biological and synthetic scaffold: an extra cellular matrix for constructive tissue engineering

Worldwide many people suffering from tissue dysfunctions or damages need rapid transplantation. Tissue engineering has attracted attention as therapeutic modality aiming at repairing lost or damaged tissues. Critical step in tissue engineering is fabrication of three dimensional scaffolds which mimic the extracellular matrix of tissues and promote tissue regeneration process. Extensive research has been carried out to develop a compatible scaffold which mimic the anatomical site of injury and as well as accessing the stem cells and growth factors to home on the injured site. The present article provides an overview on different scaffold approaches and materials used to fabricate scaffolds, with their properties and associated advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the therapeutic potential of amniotic membrane and collagen scaffold has been extensively reviewed in here

Plate-Rich Plasma and its Utility in Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Review

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product derived from whole blood through the process of density gradient centrifugation which contains a concentrated form of a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. PRP has a higher concentration of growth factors than whole blood. These growth factors promote natural healing. PRP is becoming more popular as a treatment option for a broad spectrum of medical disorders. PRP has been studied but has received less attention. The objective of this literature review was to focus on the utility of PRP on various medical conditions and, to consolidate the available evidence on PRP for the practicing dermatological conditions. Keywords: Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP), Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP), Red - Platelet-Rich Plasma (R-PRP), Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (i-PRF), Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Platelet-poor plasma (PPP), Cytokines, Growth factors

Toxicity, Safety, and Efficacy Studies on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from <i>Decidua basalis</i> in Wistar Albino Rats by Intravenous and Subcutaneous Routes

Ex vivo expanded decidua-basalis(DB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from single donors have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this report, the intravenous and subcutaneous administration of DB-MSCs obtained from five healthy donors was assessed considering clinical grade proliferation, accessibility, and toxic effects in Wistar albino rats. The ability of the obtained DB-MSCs for differentiating, as well as their expression of several cell surface markers and immunomodulatory activities, were all assessed. Clinical standard proliferated cells were administered to animals intravenously and subcutaneously in a series of preclinical models in order to assess their in vivo toxicity, general safety, and tumorigenic possibilities. We established that DB cells exhibit structural and functional traits with MSCs. At various doses supplied intravenously or subcutaneously, the research showed no fatality, abnormal response to therapy, or substantial pathological modifications in the rats. Furthermore, there was no indication of prenatal damage in the same animal species when the rats were repeatedly treated with DBMSCs. Thus, DBMSCs were demonstrated to be non-toxic, non-teratogenic, and non-tumorigenic. To determine whether they can be administrated to human patients without risk, more investigation is recommended