Corrigendum: The impact of adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress symptoms on chronic pain (Frontiers in Psychology, (2023), 14, (1243570), 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243570)

In the published article, there was an error. The direction stated in Hypothesis 2 was incorrect. Instead of, “(2) Low ACEs would lead to less severe pain interference and pain intensity compared to no ACEs,” it should be “(2) Low ACEs would lead to more severe pain interference and pain intensity compared to no ACEs.” A correction has been made to The impact of adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder on chronic pain, Paragraph 5, Hypothesis 2. The corrected paragraph is shown below. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the level of ACE exposure, categorized as: no ACEs, low ACEs (one to three incidents), and high ACEs (four to 10 incidents). This classification was based on previous findings suggesting that one to three ACEs may result in significantly more chronic pain compared to no ACES (Groenewald et al., 2020; Alhowaymel et al., 2023), and four or more ACEs resulted in a significant increase in risk of chronic pain and PTSS compared to low or no ACEs (Nelson et al., 2021; Alhowaymel et al., 2023). The following hypotheses were proposed: It was hypothesized that high ACEs would lead to more severe pain intensity and interference (a chronic pain profile) compared to no ACEs. Low ACEs would lead to more severe pain interference and pain intensity compared to no ACEs. PTSS would fully mediate the relationship between ACEs and pain outcomes. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress on Chronic Pain

Introduction: Chronic pain is a prevalent worldwide health condition. The current study aimed to extend previous research that investigated the dynamics between chronic pain, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).Method: Adult participants worldwide with chronic pain were recruited for this study (N = 199; 89% females). Three hypotheses were proposed: (a) a high ACEs score would result in more severe pain intensity and interference compared to no ACEs; (b) a low ACEs score would result in more severe pain intensity and interference compared to no ACEs; and (c) PTSS would fully mediate the ACEs-pain relationship.Results: Initially results indicated individuals with high ACEs reported more pain interference than those with no ACEs, although pain intensity did not differ between high and no ACEs. However, after controlling for age, socioeconomic status (SES), and pain duration, low and high ACEs were not significantly associated with pain intensity or interference compared to no ACEs. However, SES status was associated with pain intensity and interference, although not with pain interference after adding low and high ACEs to the model. Because of this the mediation exploration of PTSS was not viable.Discussion: Implications for practice, limitations and future research outcomes are outlined

Nitrogen-Doped Bismuth Nanosheet as an Efficient Electrocatalyst to CO₂ Reduction for Production of Formate

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to produce high value-added chemicals or fuels is a promising technology to address the greenhouse effect and energy challenges. Formate is a desirable product of CO2RR with great economic value. Here, nitrogen-doped bismuth nanosheets (N-BiNSs) were prepared by a facile one-step method. The N-BiNSs were used as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2RR with selective formate production. The N-BiNSs exhibited a high formate Faradic efficiency (FEformate) of 95.25% at −0.95 V (vs. RHE) with a stable current density of 33.63 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M KHCO3. Moreover, the N-BiNSs for CO2RR yielded a large current density (300 mA cm−2) for formate production in a flow-cell measurement, achieving the commercial requirement. The FEformate of 90% can maintain stability for 14 h of electrolysis. Nitrogen doping could induce charge transfer from the N atom to the Bi atom, thus modulating the electronic structure of N-Bi nanosheets. DFT results demonstrated the N-BiNSs reduced the adsorption energy of the *OCHO intermediate and promoted the mass transfer of charges, thereby improving the CO2RR with high FEformate. This study provides a valuable strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of bismuth-based catalysts for CO2RR by using a nitrogen-doping strategy