On the Connections between Intertemporal and Intra-temporal Trades

This paper develops a new theory of international economics by introducing Heckscher-Ohlin features of intra-temporal trade into an intertemporal trade approach of current account. To do so, we consider a dynamic general equilibrium model with tradable sectors of different factor intensities, which allows for substitution between intertemporal trade (current account adjustment) and intra-temporal trade (goods trade). An economy's response to a shock generally involves a combination of a change in the composition of goods trade and a change in the current account. Flexible factor markets reduce the need for the current account to adjust. On the other hand, the more rigid the factor markets, the larger the size of current account adjustment relative to the volume of goods trade, and the slower the speed of adjustment of the current account towards its long-run equilibrium. We present empirical evidence consistent with the theory.

Knowledge Graph-Augmented Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation

Language models have achieved impressive performances on dialogue generation tasks. However, when generating responses for a conversation that requires factual knowledge, they are far from perfect, due to an absence of mechanisms to retrieve, encode, and reflect the knowledge in the generated responses. Some knowledge-grounded dialogue generation methods tackle this problem by leveraging facts from Knowledge Graphs (KGs); however, they do not guarantee that the model utilizes a relevant piece of knowledge from the KG. To overcome this limitation, we propose SUbgraph Retrieval-augmented GEneration (SURGE), a framework for generating context-relevant and knowledge-grounded dialogues with the KG. Specifically, our SURGE framework first retrieves the relevant subgraph from the KG, and then enforces consistency across facts by perturbing their word embeddings conditioned by the retrieved subgraph. Then, we utilize contrastive learning to ensure that the generated texts have high similarity to the retrieved subgraphs. We validate our SURGE framework on OpendialKG and KOMODIS datasets, showing that it generates high-quality dialogues that faithfully reflect the knowledge from KG.Comment: Preprint. Under revie

FDI and Its Impact on Trade in the East Asian Transition Economies

As globalization and trade liberalization have increased integration of the world economy through financial and trade flows, the role of FDI and trade on economic growth is becoming more influential. This paper investigates the impact of FDI on trade of the East Asian economic transition countries, namely the China, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam, employing FDI flow and FDI stock data separately. The data from these four countries during the period 1990–2019 have been collected, and OLS and panel within fixed effect estimators are utilized. The main findings show that, first, when estimated using FDI flow as independent variable, there exists complementary effect between FDI and trade, and the coefficients are significant except for Cambodia. Second, when estimated using FDI stock as independent variable, the impact of FDI decreases and even substitutability effect is found in China at significant level. Third, in both cases, the coefficient of FDI is shown positive and significant in Vietnam. In addition, the paper finds the effects of human capital, GDP, and WTO accession on trade are positive, while the effects of exchange rate, financial development, and tariff rate vary among the East Asian economic transition countries

Fine-Dusty: Gamification of Particulate Matter Risk Communication

With the increasing severity of particulate matter problems, the current media have begun to deal with this issue. Yet awareness of the problem is still very low among many people. In this study, we applied gamification methods to risk information communication to overcome the limitations of information from the previous particulate matter media. Via a design science research methodology and design process of the gamification, user needs regarding risk communication were defined and gamification was identified as a promising design alternative. Attributes of information design extracted from user research were implemented to guide the game elements. Effectiveness of the gamified application was evaluated through presurvey and postsurvey using remote unmoderated user testing. Based on self-determination theory, the relationship between game elements and required information design aspects, the effect of game elements on user motivation was evaluated. As a result, the effect of using the particulate matter game application was verified to bring affordance and internal and external motivation to users. In the case of internal motivation, autonomy was affected but competence and relatedness were not. Furthermore, the gamification application influenced users’ reduction action, knowledge of the problem, and empowerment regarding particulate matter after using the prototype

GAS AND SOLID MIXING IN A THREE PARTITIONED FLUIDIZED BED

There are many gas-solid reaction systems which take place simultaneously in a single reactor, such as coal gasification. By splitting the reactions, high concentrated gases can be obtained without separation processes. Dual fluidized bed was proposed for this purpose. Similarly, simultaneous adsorption/desorption systems with dry sorbent for CO2 capture and the gasification reaction system with a char combustor and a gasifier separately were developed. For improving gas and solid mixing efficiencies of the dual fluidized beds, a hitherto unknown partitioned fluidized bed (PFB) is proposed. A basic concept of PFB is that lower parts between two separated fluidized beds are linked (opened), whereas upper parts are blocked by walls. Solid mixing occurs in lower parts with preventing gas mixing. The solid residence time becomes longer than that of dual fluidized bed and the high conversion of solid can be obtained. In this study, the gas and the solid mixing behaviors were investigated in three partitioned fluidized beds (left, center and right). The size of each fluidized bed is 7 cm (w) X 7 cm (d) X 30 cm (h) and partitioned above the 7 cm of distributor. Air and CO2-air mixture were used as fluidizing gas in each partitioned fluidized bed. For the gas mixing experiments, glass bead particles with 150 micron and density of 2.5g/cm3 were introduced. Outlet gas concentrations of each fluidized bed were analyzed by IR and then the gas exchanges between the reactors were calculated. For the solid mixing experiments, the polypropylene particles with 1000 micron and the density of 0.883 g/cm3 were continuously fed into the reactor. The gas mixing percentages were 0.4 ~ 16.0% of input gas amounts with varying gas velocities. The solid discharge rates in center and right side can be controlled by operating conditions

Recovery of remanent polarization of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) thin film after high temperature annealing using topographically nanostructured aluminium bottom electrode

Facile recovery of ferroelectric polarization after high temperature annealing was observed in a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) thin film on an etched Al bottom electrode which has a topographically nanostructured surface with hexagonal registry of the recessed hemispherical bowls of approximately 100 nm diameter. Fairly large remanent polarization of 10 mu C/cm(2) was obtained after annealing up to 185 degrees C with the etched Al electrode, while the polarization rapidly dropped near the melting temperature of P(VDF-TrFE) (similar to 150 degrees C) with a flat Al electrode. The topographic electrode is found to facilitate the reorganization of P(VDF-TrFE) crystal under electric field. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physicsopen142

Secure eHealth-Care Service on Self-Organizing Software Platform

There are several applications connected to IT health devices on the self-organizing software platform (SoSp) that allow patients or elderly users to be cared for remotely by their family doctors under normal circumstances or during emergencies. An evaluation of the SoSp applied through PAAR watch/self-organizing software platform router was conducted targeting a simple user interface for aging users, without the existence of extrasettings based on patient movement. On the other hand, like normal medical records, the access to, and transmission of, health information via PAAR watch/self-organizing software platform requires privacy protection. This paper proposes a security framework for health information management of the SoSp. The proposed framework was designed to ensure easy detection of identification information for typical users. In addition, it provides powerful protection of the user’s health information