4 research outputs found
Diagnosis and Prognostic Value of the Underlying Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Optical Coherence TomographyâGuided Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Background The prognostic impact of optical coherence tomographyâdiagnosed culprit lesion morphology in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been systematically examined in realâworld settings. Methods and Results This investigatorâinitiated, prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at 22 Japanese hospitals to identify the prevalence of underlying ACS causes (plaque rupture [PR], plaque erosion [PE], and calcified nodules [CN]) and their impact on clinical outcomes. Patients with ACS diagnosed within 24âhours of symptom onset undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. Optical coherence tomographyâguided percutaneous coronary intervention recipients were assessed for underlying ACS causes and followed up for major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemiaâdriven revascularization) at 1âyear. Of 1702 patients with ACS, 702 (40.7%) underwent optical coherence tomographyâguided percutaneous coronary intervention for analysis. PR, PE, and CN prevalence was 59.1%, 25.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. Oneâyear major adverse cardiac events occurred most frequently in patients with CN (32.1%), followed by PR (12.4%) and PE (6.2%) (logârank P<0.0001), primarily driven by increased cardiovascular death (CN, 25.0%; PR, 0.7%; PE, 1.1%; logârank P<0.0001) and heart failure trend (CN, 7.1%; PR, 6.8%; PE, 2.2%; logârank P<0.075). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the underlying ACS cause was associated with 1âyear major adverse cardiac events (CN [hazard ratio (HR), 4.49 [95% CI, 1.35â14.89], P=0.014]; PR (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.05â4.53], P=0.036]; PE as reference). Conclusions Despite being the least common, CN was a clinically significant underlying ACS cause, associated with the highest future major adverse cardiac events risk, followed by PR and PE. Future studies should evaluate the possibility of ACS underlying causeâbased optical coherence tomographyâguided optimization