Annual output estimation of concentrator photovoltaic systems using high-efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells based on experimental solar cell's characteristics and field-test meteorological data

The temperature dependences of the electrical characteristics of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells under concentration were evaluated. For these solar cells, conversion efficiency (η) decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing concentration ratio owing to an increase in open-circuit voltage. The decrease in ηwith increasing temperature decreases with increasing concentration ratio. Moreover, the annual output of a concentrator system with a high-efficiency triple-junction cell is estimated utilizing the experimental solar cell’s characteristics obtained in this study and field-test meteorological data collected for one year at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, and compared with that of a nonconcentration flat-plate system

Evaluation of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell and optimization of solar cell's structure focusing on series resistance for high-efficiency concentrator photovoltaic systems

The series resistance of an InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell was evaluated in detail. Series resistance components such as electrode resistance, tunnel junction resistance and lateral resistance between electrodes were estimated separately. The characteristics of the triple-junction solar cell under concentrated light were evaluated by equivalent circuit calculation with a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE). By equivalent circuit calculation, the optimization of cell designs was performed, focusing on series resistance and cell current in order to realize high-efficiency concentrator cells

Full Satisfiability of UML Class Diagrams

UML class diagrams (UCDs) are the de-facto standard formalism for the analysis and design of information systems. By adopting formal language techniques to capture constraints expressed by UCDs one can exploit automated reasoning tools to detect relevant properties, such as schema and class satisfiability and subsumption between classes. Among the reasoning tasks of interest, the basic one is detecting full satisfiability of a diagram, i.e., whether there exists an instantiation of the diagram where all classes and associations of the diagram are non-empty and all the constraints of the diagram are respected. In this paper we establish tight complexity results for full satisfiability for various fragments of UML class diagrams. This investigation shows that the full satisfiability problem is ExpTime-complete in the full scenario, NP-complete if we drop isa between relationships, and NLogSpace-complete if we further drop covering over classes

Differential distribution of aggrecan isoform in perineuronal nets of the human cerebral cortex

Aggrecan is a component of the CNS extracellular matrix (ECM) and we show here that the three primary alternative spliced transcripts of the aggrecan gene found in cartilage are also present in the adult CNS. Using a unique panel of core protein-directed antibodies against human aggrecan we further show that different aggrecan isoforms are deposited in perineuronal nets (PNNs) and neuropil ECM of Brodmann’s area 6 of the human adult cerebral cortex. According to their distribution pattern, the identified cortical aggrecan isoforms were subdivided into five clusters spanning from cluster 1, comprised isoforms that appeared widespread throughout the cortex, to cluster 5, which was an aggrecan-free subset. Comparison of brain and cartilage tissues showed a different relative abundance of aggrecan isoforms, with cartilage-specific isoforms characterizing cluster 5, and PNN-associated isoforms lacking keratan sulphate chains. In the brain, isoforms of cluster 1 were disclosed in PNNs surrounding small-medium interneurons of layers II–V, small-medium pyramidal neurons of layers III and V and large interneurons of layer VI. Aggrecan PNNs enveloped both neuron bodies and neuronal processes, encompassing pre-terminal nerve fibres, synaptic boutons and terminal processes of glial cells and aggrecan was also observed in continuous ‘coats’ associated with satellite, neuron-associated cells of a putative glial nature. Immunolabelling for calcium-binding proteins and glutamate demonstrated that aggrecan PNNs were linked to defined subsets of cortical interneurons and pyramidal cells. We suggest that in the human cerebral cortex, discrete, layer-specific PNNs are assembled through the participation of selected aggrecan isoforms that characterize defined subsets of cortical neurons

Differential distribution of aggrecan isoforms in perineuronal nets of the human cerebral cortex

Abstract Aggrecan is a component of the CNS extracellular matrix (ECM) and we show here that the three primary alternative spliced transcripts of the aggrecan gene found in cartilage are also present in the adult CNS. Using a unique panel of core protein-directed antibodies against human aggrecan we further show that different aggrecan isoforms are deposited in perineuronal nets (PNNs) and neuropil ECM of Brodmann's area 6 of the human adult cerebral cortex. According to their distribution pattern, the identified cortical aggrecan isoforms were subdivided into five clusters spanning from cluster 1, comprised isoforms that appeared widespread throughout the cortex, to cluster 5, which was an aggrecan-free subset. Comparison of brain and cartilage tissues showed a different relative abundance of aggrecan isoforms, with cartilage-specific isoforms characterizing cluster 5, and PNN-associated isoforms lacking keratan sulphate chains. In the brain, isoforms of cluster 1 were disclosed in PNNs surrounding small-medium interneurons of layers II-V, small-medium pyramidal neurons of layers III and V and large interneurons of layer VI. Aggrecan PNNs enveloped both neuron bodies and neuronal processes, encompassing pre-terminal nerve fibres, synaptic boutons and terminal processes of glial cells and aggrecan was also observed in continuous 'coats' associated with satellite, neuron-associated cells of a putative glial nature. Immunolabelling for calcium-binding proteins and glutamate demonstrated that aggrecan PNNs were linked to defined subsets of cortical interneurons and pyramidal cells. We suggest that in the human cerebral cortex, discrete, layer-specific PNNs are assembled through the participation of selected aggrecan isoforms that characterize defined subsets of cortical neurons