Etre à l'heure, n'est-il pas assez ... pour être poli ?

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Quand voyage rime avec envie, survie ou école de la vie. ITO Tsurukichi, figure pionnière de guide-interprète (Japon, XIXe siècle)

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Contacts de langues, Langue de Contacts au Japon à la fin du XIXe siècle. Usage du Yokohama Dialect par les Globe-trotters selon Georges Bigot

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Skeutadittaleur : l'ouïe de Raymond Queneau et son potentiel créatif (y compris les défis de traduction)

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Idea Creation: Function Synthesis Approach with Simplification and Evaluation

AbstractProduct engineer is being required to design attractive products in a short product development cycle from stakeholder. And, its attraction is influenced a great deal by idea creation in a conceptual design phase of this cycle. On the other hand, K. Yoshioka and H. Hasegawa proposed the FSA (Function Synthesis Approach) to create a combination of a large number of functions in a short period of time. FSA become a conceptual design support tool that combines the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and the particle method of USIT. However, FSA is only to outputting combination of large numbers of functions. For this reason, there is a need to provide a way to support the conceptual design process systematically. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to systematically support the conceptual design process from the output of the FSA. This systematic process is consisted from two phases. First, the design solution is built by combination of large number of function via using axiomatic design and function structure method. Next, it is evaluated by using UCP (Use Case Points) method. And, this paper described these phases via example to the refrigerator

Feasibility of Narrow-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents for Post-Operative Intra-Abdominal Infections After Gastrectomy

Introduction: Recently, antimicrobial resistance has received considerable attention. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are recommended as the initial therapy for post-operative intra-abdominal infections. However, at our institution, we have adopted a tactic of initially treating post-operative intra-abdominal complications with relatively narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents, such as second-generation cephalosporins. In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the use of antimicrobial agents and the resulting treatment outcomes in patients with intra-abdominal complications after gastrectomy at our facility. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients treated with antibiotic agents for intra-abdominal infectious complications after gastrectomy between 2011 and 2021. We determined the proportion of "initial treatment failures" associated with the initial administration of antibiotic agents for post-operative intra-abdominal complications. Results: Post-operative intra-abdominal infections were observed in 29 patients. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents were not administered. We successfully treated 19 patients. Initial treatment failure was observed in 10 patients, of whom five experienced failure due to bacterial resistance to the initial antimicrobial agent. All 10 patients who experienced initial treatment failure were discharged after drainage procedures or other treatments. There were no deaths due to post-operative complications. Cefmetazole was used as the initial antimicrobial agent in 27 of the 29 patients. Conclusions: Considering that all patients with post-gastrectomy intra-abdominal infections were successfully treated using relatively narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents, and initial treatment failure due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens was 17.2%, the use of narrow-range antimicrobial agents for intra-abdominal infections after gastrectomy can be deemed appropriate