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editorial reviewe

Contacts de langues, Langue de Contacts au Japon à la fin du XIXe siècle. Usage du Yokohama Dialect par les Globe-trotters selon Georges Bigot

peer reviewe

Idea Creation: Function Synthesis Approach with Simplification and Evaluation

AbstractProduct engineer is being required to design attractive products in a short product development cycle from stakeholder. And, its attraction is influenced a great deal by idea creation in a conceptual design phase of this cycle. On the other hand, K. Yoshioka and H. Hasegawa proposed the FSA (Function Synthesis Approach) to create a combination of a large number of functions in a short period of time. FSA become a conceptual design support tool that combines the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and the particle method of USIT. However, FSA is only to outputting combination of large numbers of functions. For this reason, there is a need to provide a way to support the conceptual design process systematically. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to systematically support the conceptual design process from the output of the FSA. This systematic process is consisted from two phases. First, the design solution is built by combination of large number of function via using axiomatic design and function structure method. Next, it is evaluated by using UCP (Use Case Points) method. And, this paper described these phases via example to the refrigerator

Blastocyst complementation using Prdm14-deficient rats enables efficient germline transmission and generation of functional mouse spermatids in rats.

Murine animal models from genetically modified pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are essential for functional genomics and biomedical research, which require germline transmission for the establishment of colonies. However, the quality of PSCs, and donor-host cell competition in chimeras often present strong barriers for germline transmission. Here, we report efficient germline transmission of recalcitrant PSCs via blastocyst complementation, a method to compensate for missing tissues or organs in genetically modified animals via blastocyst injection of PSCs. We show that blastocysts from germline-deficient Prdm14 knockout rats provide a niche for the development of gametes originating entirely from the donor PSCs without any detriment to somatic development. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by creating PSC-derived Pax2/Pax8 double mutant anephric rats, and rescuing germline transmission of a PSC carrying a mouse artificial chromosome. Furthermore, we generate mouse PSC-derived functional spermatids in rats, which provides a proof-of-principle for the generation of xenogenic gametes in vivo. We believe this approach will become a useful system for generating PSC-derived germ cells in the future

Chromosome 4q;10q translocations; Comparison with different ethnic populations and FSHD patients

BACKGROUND: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the weakness of facial, shoulder-girdle and upper arm muscles. Most patients with FSHD have fewer numbers of tandem repeated 3.3-kb KpnI units on chromosome 4q35. Chromosome 10q26 contains highly homologous KpnI repeats, and inter-chromosomal translocation has been reported. METHODS: To clarify the influence on the deletion of the repeats, we surveyed three different ethnic populations and FSHD patients using the BglII/BlnI dosage test. RESULTS: The frequency of translocation in 153 Japanese, 124 Korean, 114 Chinese healthy individuals and 56 Japanese 4q35-FSHD patients were 27.5%, 29.8%, 19.3%, and 32.1%, respectively. The ratio of '4 on 10' (trisomy and quatrosomy of chromosome 4) was higher than that of '10 on 4' (nullsomy and monosomy of chromosome 4) in all populations. CONCLUSIONS: The inter-chromosomal exchange was frequently observed in all four populations we examined, and no significant difference was observed between healthy and diseased groups