52 research outputs found
TOWARDS LINGUISTICS OF NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE
The encountering of a non-native language as human experience is perhaps as old and as common as that of the native language. The matter, along with that of bilingualism, has been, of course, known to linguistics and to other branches of science with its nature and problems well clarified and classified in a proper perspective.
The present exhortation, however, is not towards institution of a new branch of science; it is rather a request for a new way of observing and managing the situation. As a matter of fact, this is an appeal from a Japanese teacher of a foreign language--which happens to be English--to his compatriots in his own country where the said language is being taught and learned with a phenomenal vehemence and an astounding anti-realism.
Some basic questions are, accordingly, being asked without answers proposed; e.g., if 'a' language is necessary and sufficient for human intelligence, what is then the need and use of a 'foreign' language, and if it is only for utility --other considerations being equal--is efficiency and economy in its acqusition all that is to matter, etc.?
Because of the different past, the experience of a non-native language to the Japanese has been and still is a confrontation, whereas it is more or less a compromise to the Westerners. Related facts and theories so far known should be assembled and re-arranged to align ourselves better against or for any 'non-native' language to humanity under the heading of 'linguistics of non-native language'.西日本言語学研究会第一回大会における講演
A lecture originally presented at the first convention of the Society, Nov.28,1971, Hiroshim
インスリン テイコウセイ カラ ミタ sirolimus-eluting stent ト paclitaxel-eluting stent ノ ナイマク ゾウショク ノ ケントウ
(目的)虚血性心疾患の治療において経皮的冠動脈形成術は有用な治療であるが再狭窄が問題である.これに対し,近年薬剤溶出性ステント(Drug eluting stent:DES)が臨床応用され再狭窄は減少してきているが依然として認めている.現在数種類のDES が臨床使用されているが,病態によりどのDES を選択するか明確な指標はない.主に使用されているシロリムス溶出性ステント(sirolimus-eluting stent:SES)とパクリタキセル溶出性ステント(paclitaxel-eluting stent:PES)では塗布されている薬剤の作用機序が異なる.以前我々はDES 留置後においてもインスリン抵抗性が内膜増殖に関与していると報告してきた.本研究の目的は作用機序の異なるこれら2 つのDES において,内膜増殖とインスリン抵抗性の関与を比較検討することである.(方法)2007 年5 月から2009 年12 月までにPCI を施行しDES を留置した212 例をSES 留置例とPES 留置例それぞれで,インスリン抵抗性を認める群(P 群)と認めない群(N 群)に分けて再狭窄を検討した.(結果)再狭窄はSES 留置例,PES 留置例ともにP 群とN 群とで有意差を認めなかった.QCA 解析をするとPES 留置例では,最小血管径(minimum lumen diameter:MLD),%狭窄率(% stenosis),晩期損失径(late lumen loss)に有意差を認めなかったが,SES 留置例では最小血管径で2.18±0.77, 2.61±0.53(p=0.028),晩期損失径で0.36±0.56, 0.13±0.22 mm( p=0.048)と有意差を認め,%狭窄率では20.36±24.44,12.2±6.86(p=0.098)とP 群で狭窄率が高い傾向を認めた.(結語)PES 留置後は慢性期の内膜増殖にインスリン抵抗性の影響を受けないが,SES 留置後はインスリン抵抗性が内膜増殖に関与している.Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) has been widely adopted as an effective treatmentstrategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. However,the rate of coronary artery restenosis is still high. Drugelutingstent( DES) have been implanted in clinical practiceand reduced the incidence of restenosis. Nevertheless, restenosisof coronary artery still occurs in DES patients. Twotypes of DES, sirolimus-eluting stent:SES and paclitaxelelutingstent:PES are widely applied. Previously we reportedthat insulin resistance is one of the factors for stentrestenosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the diferenceof intimal hyperplasia in insulin resistant patients withthe two types of DES implantation.METHODS:We studied the 320 patients who underwentPCI to a new lesion using DES between May 2007 andDecember 2009.We divided these patients by presence ofinsulin resistance into Group P (positive:n=120) andGroup N( negative:n=92). Furthermore, we divided thesepatients into implantation of SES and PES. We measuredthe minimal lumen diameter( MLD) and late loss by quantitativecoronary angiography( QCA).RESULTS:In SES implantation Group and PES implantationGroup, the rate of restenosis was no difference betweenGroup P and Group N. In PES implantation Group,MLD and Late Loss had no difference. However in SES implantationGroup, MLD was significantly lower ( 2.18±0.77vs 2.61±0.53 mm, p<0.05) and Late Loss was significantlyhigher in Group P compared with Group N (0.36±0.56 vs0.13±0.22 mm, p<0.05).CONCLUSION:We suggest that in patients who wereimplanted the two types of DES, insulin resistance was relatedto intimal hyperplasia. Especially SES patients withpositive insulin resistance prone to show more intimal hyperplasia
ジゾク セイ シンボウサイドウ アブレーション ゴ ノ サイハツ ヨソク インシ ノ ケントウ : サボウ ケイタイ ・ サ シンジ キノウ ノ ユウヨウ セイ
持続性心房細動に対するカテーテルアブレーション(CA)治療後の再発予測を,術前の心エコー図検査から行い,その有用性について検討した.対象は2011 年1 月からの1 年間,心房細動(AF)に対し,初回CA を施行したAF 連続80 例のうち持続性AF32 例である.CA 前に経胸壁心エコー図検査(TTE)および経食道心エコー図検査(TEE)を施行し,各指標を計測し,術後再発予測因子を検討した.CA 後1 年で14 例(44%)にAF の再発を認めた.再発群は非再発群に比し,左房長径が有意に大きく,左心耳壁運動速度は先端と外側の陰性波計測値が有意に低下していた.多変量解析では左房長径および左心耳先端壁運動速度陰性波(LAAWV apex-d)がCA 後AF 再発の予測因子であった.ROC 曲線にて,左房長径はカットオフ値を58 mmとすると感度92.3%,特異度66.7%,LAAWV apex-d はカットオフ値を9.4 cm/s とすると感度78.6%,特異度83.3%で,両者共CA 後AF の再発を予測し得た.TTE およびTEE からCA 後の再発予測が可能であった.Background:Catheter ablation( CA) of persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) has been widely performed. However, echocardiographic predictions for the AF recurrence are not completely understood.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of both the left atrial( LA) longitudinal diameter and left atrial appendage wall velocity (LAAWV) for predicting AF recurrences after CA of PsAF.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 32 patients with PsAF who had undergone CA. Both the transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters, and clinical parameters were assessed.Results:During a one-year follow-up period, 14 patients (44 %) had AF recurrences after a single CA procedure. There was a significant difference in the LA longitudinal diameter (63±3.3 mm vs. 58±5.4 mm;p=0.0029) and LAAWV apex-d (7.9±2.1 cm/s vs. 11.7±3.0 cm/s;p= 0.0003) in the patients with and without AF recurrences. A multivariate analysis revealed that the LA longitudinal diameter (p=0.0247) and LAAWV apex-d (p=0.047) were significant predictors of arrhythmia recurrences. In the receiver operator curve analysis, a longitudinal diameter> 58 mm demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.3 % and specificity of 66.7%, and a LAATDI apex-d of 9.4 cm/s demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.6 % and specificity of 83.3%, in predicting an arrhythmia recurrence.Conclusion:The LA longitudinal diameter and LAAWV could be used as non-invasive pre-procedural predictors of arrhythmia recurrences after single CA procedures in patients with PsAF
コウド インスリン テイコウセイ ジョウタイ ニ オケル ヤクザイ ヨウシュツセイ ステント リュウチ ゴ サイキョウサク ノ ヨソク インシ ノ ケントウ
目的:虚血性心疾患に対する経皮的冠動脈形成術(Percutaneous coronary intervention:PCI)は有用な治療法として確立されている.薬剤溶出性ステント(Drug-eluting stent:DES)により,大きな問題であった再狭窄は減少したが,完全には克服されていない.最近糖尿病の前段階としてインスリン抵抗性が注目されており,再狭窄に影響を及ぼすことが示唆されている.今回我々はHomeostasis Model Assessment 指数(HOMA-IR)を用いてインスリン抵抗性の程度とDES 留置後の再狭窄の関連を検討した.方法:2007 年5 月から2010 年10 月までに待機的にPCI を施行しDES を留置した248 例について,HOMAIRより高度インスリン抵抗性を有する群(H 群:n=75)と中等度インスリン抵抗性を有する群(M 群:n=64)およびインスリン抵抗性を有さない群(L 群:n=109)に分類し,定量的冠動脈造影を用いて再狭窄率および再狭窄関連因子について検討した.結果:再狭窄率はH 群で有意に高かった(p=0.0005).慢性期最小血管径はH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に小さかった(H:1.62±1.02 mm,M:2.42±0.48 mm,L:2.17±0.70 mm, p=0.0086).さらに%狭窄率はH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に大きく(H:40.1±34.7%,M::14.7±10.4%,L:22.7±21.6%, p=0.0092),晩期損失径もH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に大きかった(H:0.87±0.90 mm,M:0.19±0.17 mm,L:0.41±0.62 mm, p=0.0097).結論:高度インスリン抵抗性は,DES 留置後再狭窄の危険因子となりえると考えられた.INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has beenwidely adopted as an effective treatment strategy for patientswith ischemic heart disease;especially, restenosis issuppressed after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.However, coronary artery restenosis after DES implantationstill appear now and then. The aim of this study was toclarify the factors associated with coronary artery restenosisafter DES implantation and evaluate the homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexas a predictor of restenosis.METHODS: We reserched the clinical records of 248 patients who hadbeen subjected to elective PCI and DES implantation betweenMay 2007 and December 2010. We divided these patientsby the value of HOMA-IR into three groups(GroupH;HOMA-IR≧5 . 0 , Group M;2 . 5≦HOMA-IRHOMA-IR), and examined the relationshipbetween coronary artery restenosis and HOMA-IR.RESULTS: The rate of restenosis was significantly higher in GroupH (26.7 %) than in the other two groups (M;7.8 % andL;8.3%, p=0.0005 %). Follow up MLD was significantlylower in Group H (H;1.62±1.02 mm v.s. M;2.42±0.48 mm v.s. L;2.17±0.70 mm, p=0.0086). Furthermore, %stenosis and late lumen loss was significantly higher inGroup H (H;40.1±34.7%, M;14.7±10.4%, L;22.7±21.6%, p=0.0092, and H;0.87±0.9 mm v.s. M;0.19±0.17 mmv.s. L;0.41±0.62 mm, P=0.0097). Logistic analysis showedthat the only independent predictor of restenosis was HOMA-IR over 5.0( OR 2.87;p=0.004).CONCLUSION: The results suggested that severe insulin resistance wasa predictor of restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation;furthermore, that improvement of insulin resistancemay contribute to prevent coronary restenosis after drugelutingstent implantation
Framingham Risk Score ト ドウミャク コウカ リスク ニ ツイテノ ケントウ
背景:冠動脈疾患において以前よりフラミンガムリスクスコア(Framingham Risk Score:FRS)は10 年以内の虚血性心疾患発症を予測することが知られている.また近年,冠動脈マルチスライスCT(MultisliceConputed Tomography:MSCT)により求められる冠動脈カルシウムスコア(Coronary Artery CalciumScore:CACS)や種々の炎症マーカーが冠動脈疾患予測因子として報告されている.目的:年齢,性別,総コレステロール値,High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)コレステロール値,収縮期血圧,喫煙の有無から簡易に求めることのできるFRS を算出し,FRS と冠動脈疾患各動脈硬化リスク因子について検討した.対象:2009 年6 月から2011 年9 月までに当院に虚血性心疾患精査目的に受診しMSCT および,冠動脈造影を施行した連続347 例(男性229 例,女性108 例)についてFRS を計測し15 以上の高リスク群(H 群)と15未満の低リスク群(L 群)に分類した.冠動脈造影における有病率と冠動脈疾患予測因子であるCT にて計測されるCACS,及び血液検査における炎症マーカーについて比較検討した.結果:対象はH 群149 例,L 群198 例に分けられた.冠動脈造影における冠動脈疾患有病率はH 群53.6%,L 群41.4%とH 群において有意に高値であった(P=0.023).CACS においてもH 群687.1±759.1,L 群489.8±725.6 とH 群において有意に高値であった(P=0.015).血液検査におけるマーカーにおいては高感度CRP(H 群 vs L 群:0.29±0.70 vs 0.17±0.29 mg/dl P=0.046)と酸化Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol(LDL)(H 群 vs L 群:110.2±47.0 vs 96.8±35.6 U/L P=0.007)において有意差を認めた.結語:FRS は簡便に計測でき,各種冠動脈疾患予測因子とも関連しており冠動脈疾患予測の一助となりうる可能性があると考えた.Background: The Framingham risk score (FRS) is widely used inclinical practice to identify subjects at high risk for developingischemic heart disease. However, FRS may not accuratelyidentify subjects at risk. Recently, coronary arterycalcium score (CACS) detected by multi-slice computedtomography (MSCT) and several atherosclerosis riskmarkers has been known to predict ischemic heart diseases.Subjects: The aim of this study is to clarify the relation betweenFRS and several coronary risk factors. We researched theclinical records of 347 patients who had been subjected toMSCT and coronary angiography( CAG) between Jun 2009and September 2011. We subdivided these patients by thevalue of FRS into a group H (n=149;FRS ≥ 15) and agroup L( n=198;FRS<15), and examined the relationshipbetween FRS and the other coronary risk factors.Results: The prevalence of coronary heart disease by CAG wassignificantly higher in group H (53.6 %) than in group L(41.4%, p=0.023). CACS was significantly higher in groupH than in group L( 687.0±759.1 vs 489.8±725.6, p=0.015).In group H the level of high-sensitive CRP and MDL-LDLwere significantly higher than those in group L(0.29±0.70vs 0.17±0.29 p=0.046 and 110.18±47.0 vs 96.82±35.6 P=0.007).Conclusion: We suggest that the FRS is easy to calculate and usefulto predict ischemic heart disease compared with the othercoronary risk markers
インスリン テイコウセイ カラ ミタ ヤクザイ ヨウシュツセイ ステント リュウチ ゴ ノ late catch up ゲンショウ ニ ツイテノ ケントウ
目的:虚血性心疾患の危険因子としてメタボリックシンドロームが注目されているが,その背景にはインスリン抵抗性が存在している.一方,虚血性心疾患の治療において経皮的冠動脈形成術(percutaneouscoronary intervention:PCI)は有用な治療法であるが再狭窄が課題である.近年薬剤溶出性ステント(Drugelutingstent:DES)が臨床応用され再狭窄は減少しているものの,ステント血栓症や晩期再狭窄であるlatecatch up 現象などの慢性期における新たな課題が散見されている.今回我々はインスリン抵抗性とDES 留置患者の慢性期の心血管イベントの関連を調べるためにインスリン抵抗性をHomeostasis Model Assessment 指数(HOMA-IR)を用いて検討した.方法:2004 年8 月より2008 年11 月までにPCI を施行しDES を使用した109 例についてHOMA-IR を計測しインスリン抵抗性を認める群(P 群:n=63)と認めない群(N 群:n=46)にわけ慢性期における心血管イベントについて検討した.結果:観察期間は平均で5.48±1.30 年であった.心臓死,再狭窄,心筋梗塞,脳梗塞,心不全,ステント血栓症においては両群間において有意差を認めなかった.しかしlate catch up 現象においてはP 群12.7%とN 群2.2%と有意差を認めた(p=0.048).結論:インスリン抵抗性はDES 留置後のlate catch up 現象の予測因子であった.インスリン抵抗性を改善させることにより慢性期における心血管イベントのさらなる減少が期待される.PURPOSE:Percutaneous coronary intervention( PCI) isan effective treatment for patients with ischemic heart disease;especially, restenosis is suppressed after drug-elutingstent (DES) implantation. However, several problemsstill remain. Previously, we reported neo-intimal proliferationafter DES implantation that was associated with insulinresistance. The aim of this study was to clarify whether insulinresistance was associated with Major Adverse Cardiacand Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) after DES implantation.METHODS:We researched the clinical records of 109patients who had been subjected to elective PCI and DESimplantation between May 2007 and December 2010. Wedistributed these patients by the value of homeostasis modelassessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) into aGroup P (n=63;HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, positive) and a Group N(n=46;HOMA-IR<2.5, negative), and examined the relationshipbetween HOMA-IR and MACCE.RESULTS:The observation period was 5.48±1.30years. There were no differences between the two groupsin the occurrence of cardiac death, restenosis, stroke, acutemyocardial infarction, heart failure and stent thrombosis.But late catch-up phenomenon in group P was significantlyhigher than in group N (12.7 % vs 2.2 % p=0.042). The logisticanalysis showed that the only independent predictorof late catch-up phenomenon was insulin resistance (OR6.55;95 % CI 0.79-54.32, p=0.049).CONCLUSION:We suggest that insulin resistance is auseful predictor of late catch-up phenomenon;furthermore,improvement of insulin resistance may contribute toprevent late catch-up phenomenon after DES implantation
The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection
DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target
-176-DECREMENTAL MODE OF ELECTROTONIC POTENTIAL IN THE BEATING RABBIT SINUS NODE STRIP AS MEASURES OF ELECTRICAL COUPLING
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