The cytogenesis of ascitic pha­gocytes

Judging from our vital observation conducted mainly by tissue culture, it was firmly demonstrated that ascitic phagocytes are not histiocytes but they are the cells closely related to monocytes and that the sites of the genesis are the milky spots of the greater omentum. The milky spots are most possibly the remnants of the mesenchymal hematopoiesis of the embryonic stage.</p

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hypercalcemia.

A patient with a diffuse, small cleaved cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with marked hypecalcemia was described. Antibody to the adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus was absent. Although bone marrow was infiltrated by lymphoma cells, destructive or lytic bone lesions could not be detected. The serum level of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone C-terminal (PTH-C) was normal. The serum level of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D was lower than normal. This case suggests that other humoral substances produced by lymphoma cells may be responsible for hypercalcemia.&#60;/P&#62;</p

Morphologic change of Yoshida sarcoma cells and coelothelioma cells after exposing to the cell toxin from X-ray-irradiated animal

The unsaturated fatty acid fraction extracted from the liver of rabbit irradiated with X-rays exerts a strong cytotoxic effect on human coelothelioma cells and Yoshida sarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The cell damage seems to initiate at the nucleus, finally leading to the complete cytolysis. The inhibiting effect of this substance on the mitosis of Yoshida sarcoma cells can be observed, especially marked from prophase up to metaphase giving almost the same results obtained after X-ray irradiation. From these results and the observations reported by several authors on the cell damage by X-ray irradiation, weshould call special attention to the fact that the essential mechanism of X-ray irradiation can be attributed to the cell toxin produced after the irradiation.</p

Cytological Studies on the Aspirated Fluid with the Phase-Contrast Microscope Part 1. Cytological Studies on the Normal Ascites of Human and Various Animals

Comparative studies were carried on the normal ascitic cells, especially on phagocytes that occupy the major portion of ascitic cells, aspirated from mammalians such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, and human as well as from chicken by the pressure method with a phase contrast microscope and also with moving pictures of these various cells. As the results the following conclusions were arrived at: 1. The majority of mouse phagocytes have the characteristics similar to those of monocytes and histiocytes. 2. In the higher animals such as rats and rabbits a greater portion of them show flagellar pseudopodia and the aggregating tendency of highly reflactile granules and the distribution of mitochondria along the groove of the nucleus. And their nuclear membrane is thin and the nuclei are solid with a complicated shape, and the nuclear substance is soft but without any nucleoles. All of these findings become quite similar to those of monocytes, and in dogs and cats they can hardly be distinguished from monocytes. In the case of normal human phagocytes most of them show degeneration but even these cells reveal the characteristics very close to those of monocytes but far different from those of histiocytes. Even in the chicken phagocytes an unexpectedly large portion of them possess marked characteristics of monocytes. 3. As for the movement of these cells it is minimal, differing from blood monocytes this point, but it seems that this is due to the adaptation peculiar to the circumstances as ascites. From these findings it can be concluded that the ascitic cells possess characteristics far different from those of histiocytes but extremely similar to those of monocytes

New supplemental landmark for the greater palatine foramen as found deep to soft tissue: application for the greater palatine nerve block.

PURPOSE: Many researches have investigated the morphology of the greater palatine foramina using dry skulls and cone-beam computed tomography. In most studies, some structures in the hard tissue have been measured and statistically analyzed. However, none of the studies has analyzed this foramen in regard to its location with overlying soft tissues, which is so clinically relevant. Therefore, this study was performed to provide the knowledge about relationship between the greater palatine foramen and foveola palatina for a better understanding of dental procedures such as greater palatine nerve block. METHODS: Thirty sides, from fifteen fresh cadaveric heads, were used in this study. The specimens were derived from eight males and seven females. A 27-gauge needle was inserted into the fossa, which was palpated at the edge of a dental mirror at a 45° angle to the occlusal plane and parallel to the sagittal plane. The anteroposterior distance, which was parallel to the midline, between the penetration site and foveola palatina was measured. RESULTS: All the penetrations advanced to the greater palatine foramen. The distances ranged from 2.0 to 8.3 mm on right sides, and 1.1 to 8.2 mm on left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study could help dentists identify the correct location of the greater palatine foramen with a supplemental landmark