Application of GEE in Dust Actual Sources Detection using Sentinel- 5 and Modis

Dust storms originate in many of the world’s drylands and may impact a wide range of negative effects on ecological, public health, and socio-economic issues. The phenomenon of dust is one of the most important environmental challenges nowadays. Therefore, Identifying the sources of dust storms is the first step to combating these devastating phenomena. Using satellite images is the most up-to-date method to identify dust sources. The present study aims to identify areas of dust generation potential in Hamadan province and the effective range. Modis and Sentinel-5 satellite imagery were used for the 2008-2019 and 2018-2020 study periods using GEE, respectively. Land-use maps, BSI, and MNDVI were considered useful indices to detect and monitor the dust generation centers. Classification of aerosol concentrations in three classes showed that the area of the first class (the highest concentration class) in Modis and Sentinel-5 images are 9875.1 and 7100.5 km2, respectively, which are Continuous polygons in Sentinel-5 and Scattered polygons in Modis images. By focusing on quantifying and overlapping land-use 2018 and actual dust centers, the results showed that most aerosols are concentrated in poor pastures and uncultivated lands in Sentinel-5 images and are concentrated in poor pastures and rainfed-agriculture in Madis images. The correlation coefficient between the two images is 81%.  Finally, Sentinel-5 satellite imagery can be used for dust detecting and monitoring. To manage these actual dust sources, reducing bare soils, increasing vegetation covers, improving water-use efficiency in agriculture, and reducing the use of groundwater in Qahvand plain are recommended

Site Selection for Hazardous Waste Using FuzzyLogic Combined With Analytic Hierarchy Process: ACase study in Nahavand, Iran

Hazardous wastes include various types of chemicals and other wastes generated from industrialand other sources. Because of the complexity of waste management systems, the selection of theappropriate solid waste landfill site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions andevaluation criteria. This paper investigated the utilization of the fuzzy logic in combination withAnalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by applying GIS and IDRISI programming for choosinghazardous waste landfill site in Nahavand, Iran. Based on the real conditions of the study area, weconsidered economic, biological and topographical factors (12 criteria). The candidate sites weredetermined based on the criteria weights. The best location was determined via the fuzzy logic andthe AHP methods. This study found that the combination of fuzzy logic and the AHP method was thebest option for selecting a site for hazardous waste landfill. In the end, 6 suitable areas were selectedfor a hazardous waste landfill in the city. This study verified that the combination of the AHP methodwith fuzzy logic using GIS in our project is a powerful tool for solid waste landfill site selection

Research Paper: Gender Identification With Knee Bicondylar Width and Vertical Diameter of the Femur Head Based on Radiography Assessment

Background: Some skeletal criteria especially for bones of lower limbs are considerably different between men and women that may help in identifying the gender. We studied two lower limbs parameters, i.e. bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femoral head based on radiographic assessment in gender identification.Methods: Bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femoral head of 280 radiographs taken from people aged 30 to 75 years were measured. Additionally, gender and age subgroups were recorded and added to the measured anthropometric parameters in the checklist of the study.Results: The mean width of both left and right bicondylar bones as well as vertical diameter of both left and right femoral heads were significantly different between men and women. Considering two parameters of bicondylar width and vertical diameter of femoral head, the measurements could differentiate gender, with 96.7% sensitivity, 72.2% specificity, and 96.0% accuracy.Conclusion: By measuring bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femur head, it is possible to determine gender with a high discriminative capability

SINGLE DOSE OF G-CSF IN LEUKOPENIA AFTER POST LIVER TRANSPLANT

Immunosuppressive therapies are the main treatment modalities after transplantation to prevent rejection. One of the major side effects of potent immunosuppressant is Leukopenia. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine agent which is increasing life span and functional activity of mature neutrophils. G-CSF is a well-established treatment of chemotherapy induced Leukopenia, during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and HIV infection neutropenia. There were several studies in animal models of liver diseases which showed hematopoietic stem cell mobilization into the injured liver and their differentiation to hepatocytes. There were a few clinical trials in human after development of neutropenia in post Liver transplantation (LTx) periods. This study was designed as a pilot study to evaluate the safety of G-CSF on Leukopenia in early post LTx periods. Seventeen Leukopenic patients in 4 weeks after LTx entered to the study and randomized in one to one manner in this open label study. Treatment group received 0.3 mg of GCSF (PD- G-CSF) at the time of Leukopenia (≤3000/mm3) and Short term patient's and graft survival were determined. Data are reported as mean and all date were analyzed using chi square and Student t-test. (SPSS of ware, version 14) P values< 0.05 were considered significant. Nine patients in control group and 8 patients recruited in the treatment group. There were no significant differences in days of hospital admission (P: 0.244), microbiologic active Cultures (P: 0.30), Oropharyngial candidiasis (P: 0.30), acute cellular rejection (ACR) (P: 0.437) and day of desirable Mycofenolate Mofetile (MMF) dosage achievement (P: 0.691) and episodes of ACR treatments (P: 0.08). Our open labeled pilot study showsthat single dose of G-CSF in leukopenic post liver transplant patients is safe. Although there was no statistically significant beneficial effect on hospital stay, opportunistic and surgical site infections but there was a trend toward less ACR episodes in the treatment group. Whether single dosage has a beneficial effect on liver function, survival, rejection and hospital stay needs further research in another clinical trial.Keywords:G-CSF, Leukopenia, Post Liver Transplan

Impacts of future land cover and climate change on the water balance in northern Iran

19 Pags.- 11 Figs.- 7 Tabls.We evaluated the potential impacts of future land cover change and climate variability on hydrological processes in the Neka River basin, northern Iran. This catchment is the main source of water for the intensively cultivated area of Neka County. Hydrological simulations were conducted using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. An ensemble of 17 CMIP5 climate models was applied to assess changes in temperature and precipitation under the moderate and high emissions scenarios. To generate the business-as-usual scenario map for year 2050 we used the Land Change Modeler. With a combined change in land cover and climate, discharge is expected to decline in all seasons except the end of autumn and winter, based on the inter-model average and various climate models, which illustrated a high degree of uncertainty in discharge projections. Land cover change had a minor influence on discharge relative to that resulting from climate change.Peer reviewe

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes