Expression of Vimentin, α-SMA and TGF-β in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is typically discovered at an early stage; nevertheless, regional lymph node metastases are prevalent; therefore, surgical excision of the primary tumor is commonly coupled with neck dissection and radiotherapy. Cancer cells become invasive by acquiring a mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Vimentin, α-SMA and TGF-β expressions are believed to take part in EMT and tumor progression. Aim: this work aimed to evaluate the expression of Vimentin, α-SMA and TGF-β on OSCC progression and hence propose potential role as potential prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. Materials and methods: twenty-four specimens of different OSCC grades were divided according to Broader`s classification into three groups I, II and III. Mean area fraction of immunopositivity for Vimentin, α-SMA and TGF-β expressions as well as clinical lymph-node involvement was evaluated for each group. Results: α-SMA and TGF-β were significantly upregulated in poorly differentiated OSCC and α-SMA expression correlated with lymph node involvement. Vimentin expression was highest in moderately differentiated OSCC and didn’t correlate with lymph-node involvement. Conclusion: α-SMA is suggested to be a better prognostic factor than vimentin for OSCC progression

A study on clinical outcomes of complex subtrochanteric femoral fractures with cephalomedullary nail

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of complex subtrochanteric fractures treated by using cephalomedulary nail.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 30 cases of complex subtrochanteric femoral fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019. Cases were taken according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria i.e. type IV, type V Seinsheimer’s classification, above 18 years and those who are willing to participate in the study has been included and pathological fractures, open fractures were excluded. All the patients are followed up on 2 post-operative day, after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 6months. X-ray hip with thigh anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view taken during each follow up. Out comes was assessed using modified Harris hip score.Results: In our study of 30 cases there are 22 males and 8 females and the mean age of 43.7 years. 73.3% patients are due to Road traffic accidents predominance of right side. In our study 66% had type 4 Seinsheimers and 34% cases had type 5 Seinsheimers fracture. The mean duration of hospital stay was 17 days. Mean time for full weight bearing is 12 weeks. Good to excellent results are seen in 80% of type 4 subtrochanteric fractures and 75% of cases of type 5 subtrochanteric fractures. 4 cases had surgical site infection, 3 cases had varus, 1 case had developed implant failure, and 1 case had reverse Z effect.Conclusions: From this study, we conclude that proximal femoral nail is an excellent implant in the treatment of complex subtrochanteric femoral fractures the terms of successful outcome include a good understanding of fracture biomechanics, good preoperative planning and accurate instrumentation

Thermal modelling of gas generation and retention in the Jurassic organic-rich intervals in the Darquain field, Abadan Plain, SW Iran

The petroleum system with Jurassic source rocks is an important part of the hydrocarbons discovered in the Middle East. Limited studies have been done on the Jurassic intervals in the 26,500 km2 Abadan Plain in south-west Iran, mainly due to the deep burial and a limited number of wells that reach the basal Jurassic successions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the Jurassic organic-rich intervals and shale gas play in the Darquain field using organic geochemistry, organic petrography, biomarker analysis, and basin modelling methods. This study showed that organic-rich zones present in the Jurassic intervals of Darquain field could be sources of conventional and unconventional gas reserves. The organic matter content of samples from the organic-rich zones corresponds to medium-to-high-sulphur kerogen Type II-S marine origin. The biomarker characteristics of organic-rich zones indicate carbonate source rocks that contain marine organic matter. The biomarker results also suggest a marine environment with reducing conditions for the source rocks. The constructed thermal model for four pseudo-wells indicates that, in the kitchen area of the Jurassic gas reserve, methane has been generated in the Sargelu and Neyriz source rocks from Early Cretaceous to recent times and the transformation ratio of organic matter is more than 97%. These organic-rich zones with high initial total organic carbon (TOC) are in the gas maturity stage [1.5–2.2% vitrinite reflectance in oil (Ro)] and could be good unconventional gas reserves and gas source rocks. The model also indicates that there is a huge quantity of retained gas within the Jurassic organic-rich intervals

Supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Amphora coffeaeformis nanoparticles (Am NPs) enhances the growth performance, redox status, digestion, immune responses, and defense against Aeromonas veronii

A frequent species of microalgae in alkaline brackish, marine, and freshwater is Amphora coffeaeformis. It has a high concentration of physiologically active chemicals with antibacterial, anti-obesity, and antioxidant properties, as well as pigments involved in photosynthetic respiration, including as carotenoids and chlorophyll, that are effective in a range of medical applications. The current study sought to determine the effects of varying dosages of Amphora coffeaeformis nanoparticles (Am-NPs) incorporated diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which were weighted at 15±0.5 g and 9±0.5 cm in length, on growth performance, immunological, digestive enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activities, as well as histological examination of the intestinal villi and resistance to Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii). Four experimental groups (each with 80 fish) were run in duplicate. For four weeks, Amphora nanoparticles (Am NPs) at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/kg diet were added to the following three groups, while the first additive-free basal diet functioned as the control group. After the feeding trial, fish were exposed to an infection of pathogenic bacteria (A. veronii) with 9×108 CFU/ml. Supplementing with (Am-NPs) during the experiment period, specifically 7.5 g/kg diet (P˂0.05), significantly improved the following: immunological parameters such as liver Nitric oxide (NO) and plasma IgM and IgG; biochemical parameters such as liver tissue alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, plasma lipase, and amylase; and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and length gain rate). The villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio and and the number of goblet cells were significantly (P<0.05) increase in the fish fed Am Nps especially at 7.5 g/ kg diet when compared with control group which had the lowest values. Additionally the supplemented groups showed a substantial (P<0.05) decrease in the crypt depth of the villus when compared to control group. Our results showed that the groups treated with Am-NPs had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 65-85% against the infection of pathogenic Aeromonas veronii bacteria, compared to a control group that had an RPS of 0%. In conclusion, Amphora coffeaeformis offers several advantages, the chief among them being that it is a significant food source. Additionally, it has a range of physiologically active substances with antibacterial, immunological, antioxidant, and biochemical properties that are used in numerous medicinal applications