Equation of state for neutron star matter with NJL model and Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation

As the interior density of a neutron star can become very high, it has been expected and discussed that quark matter may exist inside it. To describe the transition from hadron to quark phases (and vice versa), there are mainly two methods; one is the first-order phase transition, and the other is the crossover phenomenon. In the present study, using the flavor-SU (3) NJL model with the vector coupling interaction, we have calculated the equation of state for the quark phase at high density. Furthermore, for the hadron phase at low density, we have used two kinds of the equations of state; one is a relatively soft one by the QHD model, and the other is a stiff one calculated with relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation. Using those equations of state for the two phases, we have investigated the influence of various choices of parameters concerning the crossover region on the mass and radius of a neutron star.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, conference proceedings: NIC Symposium, 19-24 June 2016, Niigata, Japa

Design and optimization of tapered structure of near-field fiber probe based on FDTD simulation

The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to simulate light propagation in tapered near-field fiber probes with small metal aperture. By conducting large-volume simulations, including tapered metal-cladding waveguide and connected optical fiber waveguide, we illustrated the coupling between these guiding modes as well as the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the aperture. The high collection efficiency of a double-tapered probe was reproduced and was ascribed to the shortening of the cutoff region and the efficient coupling to the guiding mode of the optical fiber. The dependence of the efficiency on the tapered structure parameters was also examined.Comment: 4 Pages including 3 Figure

π共役メタラジチオレン錯体の二次元ナノシートへの展開

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor signaling evokes long-lasting nociceptive behaviors through the activation of spinal astrocytes in mice

AbstractIntrathecal (i.t.) administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) induces long-lasting nociceptive behaviors for more than 60 min in mice, while the involvement of PACAP type1 receptor (PAC1-R) has not been clarified yet. The present study investigated signaling mechanisms of the PACAP-induced prolonged nociceptive behaviors. Single i.t. injection of a selective PAC1-R agonist, maxadilan (Max), mimicked nociceptive behaviors in a dose-dependent manner similar to PACAP. Pre- or post-treatment of a selective PAC1-R antagonist, max.d.4, significantly inhibited the nociceptive behaviors by PACAP or Max. Coadministration of a protein kinase A inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor, PD98059 or a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, significantly inhibited the nociceptive behaviors by Max. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis revealed that spinal administration of Max-induced ERK phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation, and also augmented an astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse spinal cord. Furthermore, an astroglial toxin, l-α-aminoadipate, significantly attenuated the development of the nociceptive behaviors and ERK phosphorylation by Max. These results suggest that the activation of spinal PAC1-R induces long-lasting nociception through the interaction of neurons and astrocytes

Impact of newly developed, next-generation artificial endocrine pancreas

Background : Recent studies have shown that strict perioperative blood glucose management may reduce mortality and morbidity in critically ill adult patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and efficacy of the intraoperative application of a newly developed, next-generation artificial endocrine pancreas (STG-55, Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Methods : Twenty patients scheduled to undergo surgery were enrolled in this study. The STG-55 is designed to be more user-friendly than its conventional counterpart (STG-22) while maintaining the latter’s fundamental functions, such as a closed-loop system using algorithms for insulin and glucose infusion. After anesthetic induction, a 20G intravenous catheter was inserted into a peripheral forearm vein and connected to a continuous blood glucose monitor. The resultant 105 scores for paired blood glucose values were compared by Bland-Altman analysis. Results : Stable blood glucose values were maintained automatically, and there were no complications related to use of the STG-55. A close correlation (r=0.96) was observed between continuous glucose measurements using the STG-55 and conventional intermittent glucose measurements. The difficulty of manipulation using this system was decreased by improved preparation procedures. Conclusion : The glycemic control system using the STG-55 could provide an alternative way to achieve effective and safe perioperative glycemic control

Usefulness of central venous oxygen saturation monitoring during bidirectional Glenn shunt

A PediaSat(TM) oximetry catheter (PediaSat : Edwards Lifesciences Co., Ltd., Irvine, CA, U.S.A.), which facilitates continuous measurement of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), may be useful for surgery for pediatric congenital heart disease. We used PediaSat during a bidirectional Glenn shunt. The patient was a 13-month-old boy. Under a diagnosis of left single ventricle (pulmonary atresia, right ventricular hypoplasia, atrial septal defect) and residual left aortic arch/left superior vena cava, a modified right Blalock- Taussig shunt was performed. Cyanosis deteriorated, so a bidirectional Glenn shunt was scheduled. After anesthesia induction, a 4.5 Fr double-lumen (8 cm) PediaSat was inserted through the right internal jugular vein for continuous ScvO2 monitoring. Furthermore, the probe of a near-infrared, mixed blood oxygen saturation-measuring monitor was attached to the forehead for continuous monitoring of the regional brain tissue mixed blood oxygen saturation (rSO2) (INVOS(TM) 5100C, Covidien ; Boulder, CO, U.S.A.). Blockage of the right pulmonary artery and right superior vena cava decreased the oxygen saturation, ScvO2, and rSO2, but increased the central venous pressure. Although changes in ScvO2 were parallel to those in rSO2, the former showed more marked changes. A combination of ScvO2 and rSO2 for monitoring during Glenn shunt may be safer

Periodicity of molecular clusters based on symmetry-adapted orbital model

The periodic table has always contributed to the discovery of a number of elements. Is there no such principle for larger-scale substances than atoms? Many stable substances such as clusters have been predicted based on the jellium model, which usually assumes that their structures are approximately spherical. The jellium model is effective to explain subglobular clusters such as icosahedral clusters. To broaden the scope of this model, we propose the symmetry-adapted orbital model, which explicitly takes into account the level splittings of the electronic orbitals due to lower structural symmetries. This refinement indicates the possibility of an abundance of stable clusters with various shapes that obey a certain periodicity. Many existing substances are also governed by the same rule. Consequently, all substances with the same symmetry can be unified into a periodic framework in analogy to the periodic table of elements, which will act as a useful compass to find missing substances

生活習慣病における非侵襲的方法を用いた血管内皮機能の評価

研究期間:平成11-12年度 ; 研究種目:基盤研究B2 ; 課題番号:11470518原著には既発表論文の別刷を含む