Evaluation of Video Transmission of MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network which consists of sensor nodes scattered in a particular area which are used to monitor physical or environment condition. Each node in WSN is also scattered in sensor field, so an appropriate scheme of MAC protocol should have to develop communication link for data transferring. Video transmission is one of the important applications for the future that can be transmitted with low aspect in side of cost and also power consumption. In this paper, comparison of five different MAC WSN protocol for video transmission namely IEEE 802.11 standard, IEEE 802.15.4 standard, CSMA/CA, Berkeley-MAC, and Lightweight-MAC protocol are studied. Simulation experiment has been conducted in OMNeT++ with INET network simulator software to evaluate the performance. Obtained results indicate that IEEE 802.11 works better than other protocol in term of packet delivery, throughput, and latency

Cloud-Based In-Vehicle Air Quality Monitoring System with GSM Module

The purpose of this study is to develop a monitoring system that not limited to real-time vehicle tracking, but also with the ability to monitor in-vehicle air quality. In vehicle air quality is referred to indoor air quality (IAQ) inside the vehicle cabin which is lacked of awareness among driver nowadays. Previous research indicates that human spend up to 90% of their daily time inside the closed circulated air environment including, the vehicle. Prolonged use of air recirculation inside the vehicle cabin can lead to a gradual accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) which may occur the symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, and dizziness even deleterious effects on cognitive function towards the occupants. Vehicle cabin is an enclosed environment to prevent the outdoor air directly flow inside the vehicle cabin. However, when the vehicle speed increases the air pressure will be applied onto the joint of the car body and created some leakages then the outdoor air can flow into the cabin then may change the IAQ. A Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications module is utilised as a proxy to push the aggregated information such as real-time vehicle location, IAQ status and timestamps into the cloud database with an iteration of the 30s. The average time delayed for data to reach the cloud database is approximate 3.6s from the time it transmitted. Through the Android mobile application, the user can observe the in-vehicle air quality with the current location in two optional modes: real-time or historical data. The developed device and system were compared with off the shelf device (AeroQual). The Bland-Altman plot method was applied to validate the result of in-vehicle air quality system. The coefficient of determination (R2) value between these two devices is approximately 0.9. The in-vehicle air quality with vehicle tracking system has been successfully developed and provided a reliable result

Gas Source Localization using Grey Wolf Optimizer

Gas source localization is an ability which has yet to be successfully implemented in synthetic systems although it is widely exhibited by various organisms. Although single robot implementation has been explored, it is still prone to single point failures and is limited in sporadic gas dispersion conditions. Swarm intelligence based algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization has shown the feasibility and advantage of using multi-robot strategy for gas source localization. This paper explores Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) as an alternative algorithm for gas source localization. It was found that, although some GWO search behavior is favorable for gas source localization, the algorithm may fail when used with low numbers of robots. The algorithm was able to localize the peak gas concentration in approximately 30 minutes. The best success rate is found to be 72% with 7 searcher robots

Analysis of Signal Propagation in an Experiment Room with Epoxy Covered Floor for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

As sensor applications combined with wireless network becoming more of an everyday applications, the optimal deployment becomes ever increasing important as that would be a key important factor in the trade-off between cost and link quality. This paper reports on the effect of epoxy covered floor on signal propagation characteristics in an experiment room. Microchip developed motes were used to measure signal propagation in an experiment room where sensors would be deployed extensively. The results show that the signal strength for 30 cm antenna height provides a significant margin with respect to signal noise floor. As for the 5 cm antenna height, there is still around 25 dB margin in average before the signal reaches noise floor. Analysis shows that the log-distance model is the best fit to the measured data. Free Space Loss model seemed to under estimate the overall performance of the signals. An important conclusion from this study is that wireless mote deployment must consider the margin between the two signals of antenna heights and the margin to noise floor to avoid link quality deterioration especially for sensitive data acquisition applications