Combining ability Analyses for Protein Content and Maturity Traits in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Combining ability analyses were carried out for protein content, days to 50% heading, days to 50% heading in growing0 days (GDD), days to 50% flowering, days to 50% flowering in growing0 days (GDD), days to 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% physiological maturity in growing0 days (GDD), No. of grains/ spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield/ plant in spring wheat. Additive as well as dominance gene action was responsible for expression of these traits. Most of the genotypes were found to be superior general combiners for protein content and other traits studied. Like wise, crosses involving diverse parents showed significant SCA effects for protein content and other traits. To ensure further increase in protein content with optimum maturity duration, combinations of desirable component traits is advocated. Biparental and/or diallel selective mating design would be useful methods  for further improvement of protein content with optimum level of maturity time and  grain yield in spring wheat

Konsep Nabi Dan Citra Nabi Dalam Bibel Dan Al-Qur’an Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an

Jika dibandingkan, figur para nabi yang disebut dalam al-Qur’an maupun Bibel, memiliki kemiripan. Namun, menyangkut detail yang lebih spesifik, akan tampak perbedaannya. Salah satunya adalah konsep tentang nabi. Nabi dalam pandangan Kristen adalah orang yang dekat dengan Tuhan, berkomunikasi dengan Tuhan dan menyampaikan pesan-pesan Tuhan. Namun, Nabi dalam Kristen sering digambarkan banyak menyimpang dari perintah Tuhan. Sedangkan dalam Islam, para nabi adalah manusia yang suci, mendapat wahyu dan terjaga dari dosa dan moralitas rendah. Perbedaan citra dari Bibel maupun Al-Qur’an membuat peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Dengan tahapan 1) mengumpulkan dan mendeskripsikan data. 2) menganalisa data. 3) mengintepretasikan data. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan komparatif. Adapun masalah penelitiannya adalah: 1) Bagaimana konsep Nabi menurut pandangan Bibel?, 2) Bagaimana konsep Nabi menurut pandangan al-Qur’an?, 3) Bagaimana citra figur nabi-nabi menurut pandangan Bibel dan al-Qur’an? Adapun hasil-hasil yang didapatkan yaitu: 1) Nabi dalam konsep Kristen adalah seseorang yang mendapat ”panggilan” dari Tuhan untuk berbicara atas nama Tuhan. Namun seringkali mereka terjatuh dalam dosa dan moralitas yang rendah. 2) Nabi dalam konsep Islam, adalah seorang laki-laki yang merdeka yang mendapat wahyu dari Allah. Seorang nabi, suci dari segala dosa dhahir maupun bathin. Sehingga mereka memiliki kredibilitas maksimum untuk dijadikan teladan bagi kaumnya. 3) Citra nabi dalam Kristen dan Islam ditelusuri dari Bibel dan al-Qur’an. Bibel sering menggambarkan nabi melanggar perintah Tuhan. Sedangkan nabi yang tergambar dalam al-Qur’an adalah abdi Allah yang mengajak kaumnya untuk beriman kepada Allah, mereka jauh dari sifat-sifat yang tercela, sebagaimana dalam Bibel

Clostridium Perfpringens and Sulphite Reducing Clostridia Densities in Selected Tropical Malaysian Rivers

Clostridium perfringens (CP) and sulphite reducing clostridia (SRC) densities in the Selangor River, Bernam River and Tengi River Canal were examined between April 2007 and January 2008. Water samples were taken from two or three locations along each river, using either depth-integration or grab sampling methods. The downstream sampling site of the Selangor River, Rantau Panjang, reported the highest arithmetic mean of CP and SRC densities (583.45 and 8,120.08 cfu/100 ml, respectively). Both CP and SRC densities in the Selangor River increased further downstream, but the reverse was true in the Bernam River. The SRC densities in these rivers were significantly different from each other (p0.05). SRC densities were significantly correlated (p0.05). River discharge had no significant correlation with SRC or CP densities by study site (p>0.05). Since the Selangor River has a denser human population along its banks, this study confirms CP as a suitable indicator of human fecal contamination. However, tracing CF distribution along the river is more difficult than SRC. To our knowledge, this is the first study of CP and SRC densities from Malaysian rivers. CP densities found in this study were within the range of general water bodies reported from other countries

Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA

The first observation of (anti)deuterons in deep inelastic scattering at HERA has been made with the ZEUS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 300--318 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The measurement was performed in the central rapidity region for transverse momentum per unit of mass in the range 0.3<p_T/M<0.7. The particle rates have been extracted and interpreted in terms of the coalescence model. The (anti)deuteron production yield is smaller than the (anti)proton yield by approximately three orders of magnitude, consistent with the world measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to Nucl. Phys.

Deep inelastic inclusive and diffractive scattering at Q2Q^2 values from 25 to 320 GeV2^2 with the ZEUS forward plug calorimeter

Deep inelastic scattering and its diffractive component, $ep \to e^{\prime}\gamma^* p \to e^{\prime}XN$, have been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 52.4 pb$^{-1}$. The $M_X$ method has been used to extract the diffractive contribution. A wide range in the centre-of-mass energy $W$ (37 -- 245 GeV), photon virtuality $Q^2$ (20 -- 450 GeV$^2$) and mass $M_X$ (0.28 -- 35 GeV) is covered. The diffractive cross section for $2 < M_X < 15$ GeV rises strongly with $W$, the rise becoming steeper as $Q^2$ increases. The data are also presented in terms of the diffractive structure function, $F^{\rm D(3)}_2$, of the proton. For fixed $Q^2$ and fixed $M_X$, \xpom F^{\rm D(3)}_2 shows a strong rise as \xpom \to 0, where \xpom is the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the Pomeron. For Bjorken-$x < 1 \cdot 10^{-3}$, \xpom F^{\rm D(3)}_2 shows positive $\log Q^2$ scaling violations, while for $x \ge 5 \cdot 10^{-3}$ negative scaling violations are observed. The diffractive structure function is compatible with being leading twist. The data show that Regge factorisation is broken.Comment: 89 pages, 27 figure

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com on September 28, 2023BACKGROUND : Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. METHODS : Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FINDINGS : In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world’s highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. INTERPRETATION : Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.http://www.thelancet.comam2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases : findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

DATA SHARING STATEMENT : Data used for the analyses are publicly available from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (http://www.healthdata.org/; http:// ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool).BACKGROUND : The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. METHODS : We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. FINDINGS : In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. INTERPRETATION : The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively.The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Support from Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital; Shaqra University; the School of Pharmacy, University of Botswana; the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Fellowship; the Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation in Milan; the Department of Environmental Health Engineering of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia; Jazan University, Saudi Arabia; the Clinician Scientist Program of the Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA) of the University Hospital Essen; AIMST University, Malaysia; the Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; a Kornhauser Research Fellowship at The University of Sydney; the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary; Taipei Medical University; CREATE Hope Scientific Fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia; the National Institute for Health and Care Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and an NIHR Clinical Lectureship in Respiratory Medicine; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal; Author Gate Publications; the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Nassau University Medical center; the Italian Ministry of Health (RRC); King Abdulaziz University (DSR), Jeddah, and King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACSAT), Saudi Arabia, Science & Technology Development Fund (STDF), and US-Egypt Science & Technology joint Fund: The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Egypt; partially supported by the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning; the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad Pakistan; Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program; the Belgian American Educational Foundation; Health Data Research UK; the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBERSAM, and INCLIVA; the Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Shaqra University; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences and SRM Institute of Science and Technology; University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan; the Chinese University of Hong Kong Research Committee Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme; the institutional support of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; the European (EU) and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, UK-National Institute for Health and Care Research, the Mahathir Science Award Foundation and EU-EDCTP.http://www.thelancet.comam2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PULAU GEBE Studi Tentang Kondisi Masyarakat Pasca Berakhirnya Kontrak Kerja PT. Aneka Tambang di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah

The community live of Gebe Island that experiences bad situation (after the process of mining project), constitutes a description about the failure of state and the regent of Halmahera Tengah ( central Halmahera) in providing public goods for community in Gebe island. By this problem, the writer interested in to do researching and analyzing about the condition of Gebe island people after finality of work contract in P.T. Aneka Tambang in Gebe island. In this research, the writer wish to see and enlarge the state existence and the state failure as the high institution that take responsibility to provide and serve to the people of Gebe island. One of the base question that become main reference for the writer in enlarging the problem in Gebe island is the causal factor of state failure in giving public service in that region (Gebe island) after the finality of mining process in the island, or the causal factor in presenting the existence in people lives of that island after the process of mining. By the sorts of phenomenon that happen before, and as the sorts of datum in the field research, the writer find that: one of the main thing that become the root of failure in giving public service in Gebe island is sub-ordinate process which become problem during mining process. The sub-ordinate process which happen, in writer�s opinion, constitute one of the main thing that causes state has not capability and capacity to provide public service and fall the state down into the failure. Sub-ordinate process which happens during the mining process has given direct impact to the descent of quantity and quality or capability and capacity of the regent of Halmahera Tengah in giving public service. Commonly, this descent of quantity and quality can be known clearly during the transition period of the finality of work contract in P.T. Antam, Tbk persero. When this company leaves Gebe island, it happens chaos in that island. All sorts of public service such as: education, health, electricity, and watering become left unfinished and sorts of infrastructure had been destroyed totally. The regent government or the state has not capability to provide health service for 24 hours, no charge education, no more doctor and teacher. The government also could not provide the opportunities for the people of Gebe island, after the finality of mining process. Because of that, by the problem above, the state failure in providing public service to the Gebe island people, the writer�s conclusion that, this thing has relatedness with subordinate process which happen during the mining process go on. The state�s incapability in giving public service constitute a concrete description about the impact of the subordinate process of state�s role, that cause descent of capacity and capability of the regent government to serve to the people of Gebe island