Instrument teaching in the context of oral tradition : A field study from Bolu, Turkey

In almost all industrial and post-industrial societies of the modern age as well as in a majority of developing countries, musical-cultural accumulation is documented via writing, musical notation, and similar audio-visual tools to achieve transmission with minimum information loss. As a consequence of the formation of written culture and widespread use of musical notation, musical works could then be registered on permanent documents to enable transmission not only to the immediately following generations but also to many generations over future centuries. The use of writing and the consequential transmission of music via writing, however, are comparatively new yet noteworthy developments in the long history of humankind.Not

Development of a ‘Musical Knowledge Test’ for the sixth grade music lesson of Turkish primary education İlköğretim altıncı sınıf müzik dersi için bir ‘Müzik Bilgisi Başarı Testi’ geliştirme

As in every lesson, the achievement in music lessons is determined by measurement and assessment procedures. The diversity of the learning outcomes of the music lesson necessitates the multidimensional assessment of student development. Students’ learning outcomes regarding musical knowledge and behaviors can be measured through various measurement tools. In this study, it is aimed to develop a multiple-choice Musical Knowledge Test for 6th Grade music lesson subjects. In the developing process of the Musical Knowledge Test, firstly the subjects shall be discussed in the test were determined, the learning outcomes were detailed by dividing them into suboutcomes, and a 25-question multiple-choice questionnaire was created. After obtaining expert opinion for the scope validity, a test draft was prepared and tested by making the necessary arrangements. 220 tests were analyzed using Excel program, after that, five items were excluded from the test. As a result of these corrections and analyzes, 20- item Musical Knowledge Test took its final form. The KR-20 reliability coefficient of the test was 0.77, the mean difficulty value was 0.57, the mean discrimination value was 0.44. The test, which seems valid and reliable, is thought to be an auxiliary and functional tool that music teachers can use.: Her derste olduğu gibi müzik derslerinde de başarı tayini, ölçme-değerlendirme işlemleri ile yapılmaktadır. Müzik dersinin çeşitlilik içeren kazanımları, öğrenci gelişiminin çok yönlü ölçülüp değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Öğrencilerin müzik bilgisi içeren kazanımları ve müziksel davranış alanlarındaki kazanımları çeşitli ölçme araçları ile ölçülebilir. Bu çalışmada, ilköğretim 6. sınıf müzik dersi konularına yönelik bir çoktan seçmeli müzik bilgisi başarı testi geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Müzik Bilgisi Başarı Testi geliştirme sürecinde öncelikle testte ele alınacak konular belirlenmiş, kazanımlar alt kazanımlara ayrılarak detaylandırılmış ve 25 soruluk çoktan seçmeli soru havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Kapsam geçerliği için uzman görüşü alındıktan sonra gerekli düzenlemeler yapılarak test taslağı oluşturulmuştur ve denenmiştir. 220 adet test Excel programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, sonuçlara göre beş madde ise testten çıkarılmıştır. Bu düzeltmeler ve analizler sonrasında 20 soruluk Müzik Bilgisi Başarı Testi son halini almıştır. Testin KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı değeri 0.77, ortalama güçlük değeri 0.57, ortalama ayırt edicilik değeri ise 0.44 olarak bulunmuştur. Geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu görülen testin, müzik öğretmenlerinin kullanabilecekleri yardımcı ve işlevsel bir araç olduğu düşünülmektedir

Ein überblick über den Alla Turca-stil

Bu çalışma, yazarın 23-25 Ekim 2003 tarihleri arasında Bilkent Üniversitesi'nde düzenlenen “Cumhuriyet Döneminde Askeri Müzik ve Gelişimi” adlı sempozyumda sunduğu bildiriden geliştirilmiştir.Türk Geleneksel Askeri Müziği Mehter, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Avrupa’daki genişleme hareketleri esnasında, çeşitli faktörler vasıtasıyla batı müzik kültürüne girmiştir. Mehter Müziği, Türk vurma çalgılarının alınmasıyla ilk önce batı askeri müzik topluluklarında kabul görmüştür. Ardından da, Mehter ögelerinin Avrupa Sanat Müziği’nde işlenmesiyle Alla Turca stili doğar. Bu çalışmada söz konusu üsluba genel bir bakış oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Alla Turca’nın gelişim şartları, karakteristik özellikleri ve eserleri ana hatlarıyla incelenmektedir.Die türkische traditionelle Militärmusik Mehter fand ihren Eingang in die westliche Musikkultur mittels verschiedener Faktoren während der Expansionsbewegungen des Osmanischen Reiches in Europa. Mehter-Musik wurde zunächst durch den Einsatz der türkischen Schlaginstrumente in den europäischen Militärmusikkapellen rezipiert. Anschließend entstand der Alla Turca-Stil durch die Bearbeitung von Mehter-Elemente in der europäischen Kunstmusik. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden grundlegende Eigenschaften dieses Stils betrachtet. Die Entstehungsbedingungen von Alla Turca, dessen stilistischen Eigenschaften und einige Alla Turca-Werke werden im Überblick dargestellt

The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Students’ Anxiety and Achievement in Musical Ear Training Lessons

Anxiety that can be experienced in musical ear training lessons is a significant psychological factor that can negatively affect the acquisition of aural skills, their effective application and evaluation process as well. This study looks into the influence of ‘Cooperative Learning Method’ on anxiety in musical ear training classes, on student achievement and exam anxiety/state anxiety. The study was designed, and conducted as an experiment with a pre-test and post-test control group, and the experimental procedures were completed in eight weeks. The study was carried out with thirty seven students [(ne=19), (nc=18)], who were taking Musical Ear Training-IV (MET-IV) lesson in the spring semester of 2010-2011 academic year in the Music Teacher Training Bachelor Program of a university in West Black Sea Region in Turkey. Experiment and control groups were equilibrated by taking into account the grade means in the MET courses that students had taken for the previous three semesters, and the gender aspect. The lessons in the experimental group have been taught mainly through ‘Cooperative Learning Method’, while mainly through ‘Expository Teaching Approach’ in the control group. Research data were collected by means of ‘MET Lesson Anxiety Scale’, ‘Music Theory Test’, and ‘Musical Writing (Dictation) Test’ tools, which have been developed by the researchers, and by means of ‘State Anxiety Scale’ tool developed by Spielberger et al. The collected data were analysed using dependent samples t-test and independent samples t-test. According to the results, Cooperative Learning has shown no significant effect on the achievement in music theory and in musical writing, and likewise on exam anxiety/state anxiety. However, the results show a significant positive effect of Cooperative Learning on lesson anxiety in musical ear training classes

“Transactional Analysis Ego States” In Teacher-Student Communication In Musical Instrument Lessons

Bu araştırma, Eric BERNE’nin “Transaksiyonel Analiz (TA) Kuramı”na dayanmaktadır. Çalışma;bir Anadolu Güzel Sanatlar Lisesinde, bireysel çalgı derslerindeki öğretmen-öğrenci iletişimindekullanılan “ego durumlarını” ve “transaksiyonları” belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmagrubu, araştırmanın yapıldığı lisede görev yapan çalgı öğretmenleri (N15) ile öğrencilerin(N83) tümünü kapsamaktadır. Araştırma verileri, Arı (1989) tarafından geliştirilen “Ben DurumlarıÖlçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin “Koruyucu Ebeveyn”ve “Yetişkin” ego durumlarını ağırlıklı olarak kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Öğrenciler kendilerinegöre “Koruyucu Ebeveyn”, öğretmenlerine göre ise “Uygulu Çocuk” ego durumlarını ağırlıklıolarak kullanmaktadır. Her iki taraf da en az “Eleştirel Ebeveyn” ego durumunu kullanmaktadır.Öğretmen ve öğrenci iletişiminde, “tamamlayıcı transaksiyon” gerçekleştiği saptanmıştırThis research is based on Eric BERNE’s “Transactional Analysis (TA) Theory”. The study wascarried out to determine the “ego states” and the “transactions” in terms of Transactional Analysis,which are mainly used in teacher-student communication in one-to-one musical instrumentlessons at an Anatolian Fine Arts High School in Turkey. Research sample was consisted of allmusic students (N83) and the instrument instructors (N15) at the school. The research datawere collected by “The Ego States Scale” developed by Arı (1989). The results indicated that theteachers mainly use “Nurturing Parent” and “Adult” ego states. The students use mainly “NurturingParent” ego state according to themselves, and “Adapted Child” according to their teachers. Bothof the groups use “Critical Parent” ego state least. It was found that “complementary transaction”occurred in the teacher-student communication

Urinary HSP70 improves diagnostic accuracy for urinary tract infection in children: UTILISE study [Article]

Background: The accuracy of conventional urinalysis in diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is limited, leading to unnecessary antibiotic exposure in a large fraction of patients. Urinary heat shock protein 70 (uHSP70) is a novel marker of acute urinary tract inflammation. We explored the added value of uHSP70 in discriminating UTI from other infections and conditions confused with UTI. Methods: A total of 802 children from 37 pediatric centers in seven countries participated in the study. Patients diagnosed with UTI (n = 191), non-UTI infections (n = 178), contaminated urine samples (n = 50), asymptomatic bacteriuria (n = 26), and healthy controls (n = 75) were enrolled. Urine and serum levels of HSP70 were measured at presentation in all patients and after resolution of the infection in patients with confirmed UTI. Results: Urinary (u)HSP70 was selectively elevated in children with UTI as compared to all other conditions (p 0.0001). uHSP70 predicted UTI with 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity (AUC = 0.934). Among the 265 patients with suspected UTI, the uHSP70 > 48 ng/mL criterion identified the 172 children with subsequently confirmed UTI with 90% sensitivity and 82% specificity (AUC = 0.862), exceeding the individual diagnostic accuracy of leukocyturia, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase positivity. uHSP70 had completely normalized by the end of antibiotic therapy in the UTI patients. Serum HSP70 was not predictive. Conclusions: Urine HSP70 is a novel non-invasive marker of UTI that improves the diagnostic accuracy of conventional urinalysis. We estimate that rapid urine HSP70 screening could spare empiric antibiotic administration in up to 80% of children with suspected UTI. Graphical abstract: A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Pediatric Nephrology Association.Istanbul ÜniversitesiWe gratefully acknowledge that UTILISE was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, by the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN), by the Society for Children’s Kidney Health, and by Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Foundation. We are also very thankful to children participating in this study, our dedicated chemist Orhan Tepeli, and diligent students of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Zeynep Sakur, Sevgi Ipar, and Isıl Gul for their great help and assistance.UTILISE study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, by the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN), by the Society for Children’s Kidney Health, and by Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Foundation

Urinary HSP70 improves diagnostic accuracy for urinary tract infection in children: UTILISE study [Conference Object]

[No Abstract Available