Colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix and it’s correlation with Papanicolau smear in cervical cancer screening

Background: In present study colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix was donr and it’s correlation with Papanicolau smear in screening of Cancer cervix. Objective of present study was to critically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PAP smear with that of Colposcopy in screening of Cancer Cervix in women with unhealthy cervix.Methods: 100 women with clinically unhealthy cervix on naked eye examination and / or abnormal symptoms attending Gynaecology Out patient department in 2 years period were subjected to PAP smear, Colposcopy, biopsies under Colposcopic guidance and findings correlated with Histopatholgy at Govt. Medical college, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. India. The sensitivity and specificity of PAP smear with that of Colposcopy in screening of Cancer Cervix was evaluated.Results: Both PAP smear and Colposcopy can be reliably used to screen women with premalignant lesions of Cancer cervix.Conclusions: Colposcopy is a better tool for diagnosis of precursors of Cancer Cervix than PAP Smear and Histopathology of suspected lesion remains the gold standard for final diagnosis

Obstetric outcome of phase IV of National AIDS Control Programme at a tertiary care centre

Background: This study was conducted to observe maternal and fetal outcome of sero-positive women delivering at our centre by using the newly introduced National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) phase IV of HARRT (highly active antiretroviral therapy) recommended by National AIDS Control Organisation (GOI) started from 1st January 2014.Methods: Study included all seropositive pregnant women diagnosed during pregnancy and in emergency at labour room of Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India in 2 years period. The women and their newborns were managed as per recommendations of phase IV of National AIDS Control Programme of Government of India.Results: There was reduction in associated maternal infections, high CD4 counts, increase in vaginal deliveries, promotion of exclusive breast feeding and limitation of vertical transmission of HIV. The adverse impact of HIV on mother and newborn still continues.Conclusions: Phase IV of NACP appears to be promising in the initial phases of its implementation

Study on adolescent gynaecological problems

Background: Adolescent is age between 11-19 years, where there are enormous physical, psychological, sexual, emotional and behavioural changes. They constitute 22 % of population in India. Hence, their unique problems need to be addressed. Objectives: 1) To study gynaecological problems and their clinical profile in adolescent girls. 2) To evaluate treatment modalities of gynaecological problems in adolescent girls. 3) To evaluate reproductive health awareness among adolescent girls. Methods: Girls in the age group of 11 to 19 years attending gynaecology OPD or emergency were included in the study. First, the girl was interviewed keeping her privacy and dignity. A detailed history and examination were done emphasizing on pubertal events such as thelarche, pubarche, pregnancy and menarche. Investigations like hemogram, coagulograms, hormonal assays, and sonography were done wherever applicable. Results: 71.67% achieved menarche at 14-16 years of age. Most common gynaecological problems among the adolescent girls were menstrual disorders 156 (52%), followed by vaginal discharge i.e. 35(11.6%), 24(8.0%) gave history of sexual assault, 24 (8%) had excessive weight gain and 20(6.6%) reported urinary tract infection. The most common type of menstrual disorder was that of oligomenorrhea 86 (55.2%). Out of 38 PCOS cases, 31(81.6%) cases presented with oligomenorrhea. Out of 300 cases, 200(66.7%) cases were aware of physical signs of puberty, 245(81.7%) cases were aware of STD, HIV and its mode of transmission, 200(66.7%) cases were aware about contraceptive methods, 150(50.0%) cases were aware about physiology of menstruation and 198(66.0%) cases were aware of menstrual hygiene. Out of 19 teenage pregnancies, in 8(42.1%) cases LSCS was done, 4(21.3%) cases had vaginal delivery and 4(21.0%) cases had MTP. Conclusions: Menstrual abnormalities are the most common gynaecological problems of adolescents. Adolescents should be addressed with dignity. It is need of the time to set up specialized adolescent gynaecological clinics