Joubert syndrome: Case report of three affected siblings

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has variable phenotype but characteristic magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) findings. “Molar tooth” appearance of cerebellar peduncles and “bat-wing” appearance of the fourth ventricleare the classically described MRI findings. Herein, we describe JS in three siblings, products of a second-degree consanguineousmarriage, who presented with developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, and impaired vision. The axial MRI in all threesiblings revealed the classic MRI findings described in the JS

Breastfeeding-related problems in primigravida mothers at the time of hospital discharge from a tertiary care hospital

Background: Breastfeeding-related problems are common in primigravida mothers. There is a lacuna in the knowledge about these problems in Indian population. Objective: The present study is undertaken to study the prevalence of breastfeeding-related problems in the first-time mothers in a tertiary care hospital at the time of discharge. Methods: Consecutive primigravida mothers, who delivered term babies, were interviewed at the time of hospital discharge about breastfeeding-related problems based on a validated questionnaire. The pre-determined predictors were educational status of mother, mode of delivery, and prior knowledge about breastfeeding. Results: Between March 2015 and June 2015, 171 mothers were interviewed. The following were demographic profile of mothers: Average age: 24 years, education above matriculation: 55%, and vaginal delivery: 70%. The common problems were pain while feeding (n=50, 29%), improper latching (n=20, 12%), and feeling of inadequate milk (n=29, 17%). Cesarean section was associated with lower confidence levels for breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR] 2.68 [1.04-6.91], p=0.041), delayed onset of first breastfeed (OR 33.4 [12.67-88], p=0.0001), and feeling of inadequacy of breast milk quantity (OR 3.76 [1.64-8.58], p=0.001). Illiterate mothers were at higher risk of having these problems. Prior knowledge about breastfeeding was associated with fewerproblems. Conclusion: The study presents the existing problems related to breastfeeding at the time of discharge from a tertiary care hospital

Profile and outcomes of children presenting with infection-related glomerulonephritis

Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSGN) was reported as the most common cause of GN in children. There has been, however, a marked shift in epidemiology in recent years with the decline in poststreptococcal cases. Various other bacteria and rarely viral and fungal infections are associated with GN. More cases are now being reported with ongoing infection at the time GN is diagnosed. Therefore, the term infection-related GN (IRGN) is now being used increasingly. We describe the clinical profile and outcomes of children presenting with IRGN at a tertiary care center in the past 1 year. 5 children presented with features of GN. Only 1 of the 5 had the course typically described in PSGN. Two patients also had a post-infectious course but with some unusual features. Another patient had an ongoing systemic infection in the form of pneumonia at the time of onset of features GN, while our fifth patient developed an infection-related GN with dengue illness