Metabolic interactions between drugs and renal tubulo-interstitial cells: Role in nephrotoxicity

A growing number of drugs exhibit selective toxicity for the kidney, the clinical expression of which may range from a mild disturbance of a discrete function to a generalized depression of all functions. The magnitude of the problem has stimulated research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the kidney to drug-induced alterations of function and structure. From such studies has emerged new insights into the metabolic interactions between specific drugs and renal tubulo-interstitial cells that underlie the development of toxic injury. This paper will review current concepts of the selective susceptibility of the renal tubulointerstitium to drug-induced toxicity. Space does not permit a comprehensive treatment of this complex subject; therefore a limited number of drugs or other xenobiotics to serve as examples of generic mechanisms have been selected for discussion

Prevalence of Illicit Use and Abuse of Prescription Stimulants, Alcohol, and Other Drugs Among College Students: Relationship with Age at Initiation of Prescription Stimulants

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90112/1/phco.27.5.666.pd

The effects of angiotensin II on renal water and electrolyte excretion in normal and caval dogs

Abstract. The effects of intravenous administration of angiotensin II on renal water and electrolyte excretion were examined during hydropenia, water diuresis, and hypotonic saline diuresis in anesthetized normal dogs and dogs with thoracic inferior vena cava constriction and ascites (caval dogs). The effects of unilateral renal artery infusion of a subpressor dose were also examined. During hydropenia angiotensin produced a decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption, with a considerably greater natriuresis in caval dogs, and associated with a decrease in free water reabsorption (TCH2o). Water and hypotonic saline diuresis resulted in an augmented angiotensin natriuresis, with a greater effect still observed in caval dogs. In these experiments free water excretion (CH2O) was limited to 8-10% of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), although distal sodium load increased in every instance. In the renal artery infusion experiments a significant ipsilateral decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption was induced, particularly in caval dogs. These findings indicate that angiotensin has a direct effect on renal sodium reabsorption unrelated to a systemic circulatory alteration. The attenuation or prevention of the falls in GFR and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) usually induced by angiotensin may partially account for the greater natriuretic response in caval dogs and the augmentation during water or hypotonic saline diuresis. However, a correlation between renal hemodynamics and the degree of natriuresis induced was not always present and, furthermore, GFR and ERPF decreased significantly during the intrarenal artery infusion experiments. Therefore, the present experiments indicate that another mechanism is operative in the control of the angiotensin natriuresis and suggest that alterations in intrarenal hemodynamics may play a role. The decrease in TCHSo and the apparent limitation of CH2O associated with an increase in distal sodium load localize the site of action of angiotensin to the ascending limb of Henle's loop and the proximal tubule. Introduction animals independent of its effect on glomerula

“Show Us Your God”: Marilla Baker Ingalls and the Power of Religious Objects in Nineteenth-Century Burma

This essay examines the unusual evangelical work of Marilla Baker Ingalls, an American Baptist missionary to Burma from 1851–1902. By the time of her death in Burma at the age of 75, Ingalls was known as one of the most successful Baptist evangelists among Burmese Buddhists. To understand the extraordinary dynamic of Ingalls’ expanding Christian community, this essay focuses on two prominent objects at the Baptist mission: A life-sized dog statue that Ingalls kept chained at the edge of her property and a massive banyan tree covered with biblical illustrations and revered by locals as an abode of divine beings. This essay argues that these objects transformed Ingalls’ American Baptist Christianity into a kind of Burmese religion that revolved around revered objects. Through an examination of the particular shrine practices that pulled people into the Baptist mission, this essay reflects on the larger context of religious encounter, conflict, and representation in modernizing Burma

Master's thesis recital (soprano)

textThe consul / Gian Carlo Menotti.Musi