表紙、執筆者紹介、奥付、裏表紙

The lift/drag ratio of an airfoil placed in an incompressible attached flow is maximized taking into account the viscosity in the boundary-layer approximation. An exact solution is constructed. The situation when the resulting solutions are not in the admissible class of univalent flows is discussed. A procedure is proposed for determining physically feasible airfoils (with a univalent flow region) with a high lift/drag ratio. For this purpose, a class of airfoils is constructed that are determined by a twoparameter function approximating the found exact solution to the variational problem. For this class, the ranges of free parameters leading to physically feasible flows are found. The results are verified by computing a turbulent boundary layer using Eppler's method, and airfoils with a high lift/drag ratio in an attached flow are detected. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Maximization of the lift/drag ratio of airfoils with a turbulent boundary layer: Sharp estimates, approximation, and numerical solutions

The lift/drag ratio of an airfoil placed in an incompressible attached flow is maximized taking into account the viscosity in the boundary-layer approximation. An exact solution is constructed. The situation when the resulting solutions are not in the admissible class of univalent flows is discussed. A procedure is proposed for determining physically feasible airfoils (with a univalent flow region) with a high lift/drag ratio. For this purpose, a class of airfoils is constructed that are determined by a twoparameter function approximating the found exact solution to the variational problem. For this class, the ranges of free parameters leading to physically feasible flows are found. The results are verified by computing a turbulent boundary layer using Eppler's method, and airfoils with a high lift/drag ratio in an attached flow are detected. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Lecture Transformation in Modern Higher Education

The relevance of the topic stems from the contradiction between the experience accumulated by higher school in adapting lecture as a form of organization of education to the new conditions of education functioning and the insufficient attention of researchers to analyzing this experience. The purpose of the study was to identify the role, place and directions of the lecture transformation in modern higher education. To achieve it, a meta-analysis of publications on the topic over the past ten years was carried out (2011–2021). In total, 52 scientific articles published in peer-reviewed leading domestic pedagogical journals and other scientific and methodological publications were analyzed. The selection of articles for analysis was carried out by the presence of the keyword “lecture” in the article title.The results of the study show that despite the wide variety and general availability of information and communication sources the lecture cannot be supplanted in the system of higher education, but new demands have been placed on it, as its role in the system of higher education changes. The authors have identified the main requirements for a modern lecture, namely problem setting, structure flexibility, focus on dialogic forms of communication with students, effective feedback. The leading trend in the development of lectures in a modern university is a combination of scientific character, information value and high professionalism inherited from traditional lectures with dialogue and a variety of lecture types, an increase in interactivity to enhance the educational and communication activities of students. It has been established that the transformation of a lecture in modern higher education goes in the following directions: organizational-content, functional-structural, and communication. The authors dwell on the content of each direction and propose prospective areas for further research

The Grain Market in India and the Creation of the BRICS Grain Union

The article examines the current situation in the wheat market in India and its potential within the global food security dynamic. In particular, it analyzes a number of instruments and programs of national policy in the grain sector: minimum support prices, public procurement, public distribution systems, storage facilities and their management, market regulation, trading mechanisms and platforms. In the aspect of the development of Indian grain trade and infrastructure, the Electronic Platform for National Agriculture Market (eNAM) and food commodities exchanges are considered. The article provides explanation on why India’s ambitious plans announced several years ago to expand wheat exports to the world market can hardly be fully realized in the near future due to such reasons as climate risks, phytosanitary problems and quality controls, lack of storage and logistics infrastructure, as well as the huge social and political importance of wheat supplies in the local market. Through the continuation of the current reforms in an efficient manner, India can resume the position of one of the leading wheat exporters. It is proposed that Russia, India and South Africa (as well as the potential new members – Iran and Argentina) create anew BRICS Grain Union

Modern Trends of Internet Banking Market in Supply Chain of Russia

Nowadays modern economic system and banking system in particular is defined as a globally developed and integrated system. Internet banking gained particular interest as a kind of remote banking, which is the most progressive direction of banking system development. It is one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing sectors of the e-Commerce market. The issues of strategic development determine the interest, attracted to the development of internet banking. Practice shows that investments in such projects begin to make a profit only after a certain period of time necessary for training and adapting the system to specific conditions. Investing in software, computer and telecommunications equipment and creating a base for the transition to new computing platforms, provide banks with ability to reduce the cost of services, accelerate the payments transactions through the banking system and reduce the complexity of banking services. The largest banks provide the richest set of internet banking services abroad. Internet banking in supply chain of Russia is at the stage of formation. In order to reach the modern level of development of the banking sector, it is essential for supply chain of Russia to form a national market for internet banking. The development of remote banking services based on Internet banking technology will give a new impetus to the development of electronic banking services in banking

Drop motion during mass transfer accompanied by interphase convection

The article deals with the experimental study of the mass transfer of acetic acid from the dispersed phase (butyl acetate) to the continuous phase (water). The experiments were carried out on a laboratory column with single floating drops. The presence of the Marangoni effect during the movement of drops and its influence on the trajectories of movement of drops and the kinetics of mass transfer during extraction are shown. The influence of the Marangoni effect is most clearly observed when the driving force of the process is 0.1...0.2 mol/l

Academic Motivation of Master Students Studying Pedagogical Science: Case of KFU

The relevance of the study is due to the contradiction between the objective need for developing the academic motivation of Master students by means of research-oriented education and the insufficient development of the corresponding didactic conditions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the research-based learning potential in the development of Master students academic motivation and reasoning the didactic conditions promoting its effective implementation. In order to achieve it, the following tasks were solved: to reveal the essence of academic motivation and its features among Master’s students studying “Pedagogical science”; to promote theoretically and experimentally the didactic conditions for the effective implementation of the motivational potential of research-oriented learning. To identify the features of academic motivation, the methodology “Scale of Academic Motivation” was used.Research results: the essence of academic motivation as a set of motives that are the reason for the conscious inclusion of a student in educational activities is revealed; the features of the academic motivation of Master students studying Pedagogical science were revealed (the conscious choice of the program of training by the vast majority of students; different students’ background – previous education, work experience, age, that determines the polymotivation of educational activity with the dominance of internal motivation). It is shown that the motivational potential of researchoriented teaching of students is associated with its main characteristics: the purpose, content, nature of studying and research activities, features of results evaluation. Didactic conditions were experimentally promoted that enhance the motivational potential of research-oriented learning (taking into account the characteristics and levels of development of the corresponding types of students’ motivation; creating real opportunities for free choice of research topics for Master students; using work in pairs as a form of organizing educational and research activities; using a complex of stimulating methods for evaluating the study results). Perspective paths for study of the students’ academic motivation are indicated

The role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of the region

In the article analyzed the entrepreneurial activities on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the tendencies of development of small and medium businesses under favourable business climate. The methodology is the analysis of dynamics of development of business entities based on statistical data. It is noted that the formation and development of entrepreneurship in the regions of the Russian Federation is a complex socio-economic phenomenon arising due to deep transformations in the field of sociocultural relations, because changes in the latter interacts with all the key parties, the social life of the people: moral and ethical norms, mentality, spiritual and material values, social norms and economic behavior. Modern entrepreneurship as a factor of economic development of the region needs continued support from the state with the knowledge of essential managerial and regulatory functions of the legislative and Executive power structures in the economy and society. This fact is explainable by the fact that the entity is a specified function consists of continuous improvement activities of power structures, improvement of transmission channels and introduction of achievements of scientific-technical progress in all stages of the multifaceted and complex structure of social production, providing an invaluable contribution of managerial labor in the common cause of improving the efficiency of the economy. Conclusion: in current economic conditions, the region assigns a significant role to subjects of small and medium businesses, which, thanks to its maneuverability, more adapted to the constantly changing market conditions. Applying comprehensive and systematic measures for the formation of a favorable environment, the Republican leadership promotes the competitive capacity of regional enterprises of small and medium business can compete with large companies

Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в Республике Башкортостан (региональные результаты исследования DIREG 2)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as an important problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. It may be the most prevalent liver disease. However, knowledge of the epidemiology is limited. These findings encourage to conduct a larger sample size study to evaluate the real prevalence of NAFLD in the Russian population. It is important to know current prevalence of NAFLD. DIREG 2 study was performed under umbrella of leading Russian professional societies in partnership with Sanofi Russia.Objective: to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD within the general practitioners and gastroenterologist’s patient flow. It is important to know current prevalence of NAFLD in Republic of Bashkortostan and to compare with DIREG 2 results.Materials and methods. Epidemiologic, observational, multicenter study assessing the prevalence of NAFLD among patient’s outpatient practice. A total of 50145 patients (3232 in Republic of Bashkortostan) including those suspected of having NAFLD criteria were enrolled in the Program. The investigators were qualified doctors (GPs/therapist’s/gastroenterologists), providing outpatient care for the population. The epidemiological data were obtained, recorded during two routine patient visits to investigating centers.Results. Percentage of patients with revealed NAFLD within the patient flow primary or consistently coming to selected doctors for any reason including those suspected of having NAFLD was 37,3% in Russia vs 40,8% in Republic of Bashkortostan.Conclusion. Prevalence of NAFLD among patient flow of doctors in Russia is quite high. It has been revealed a high prevalence of NANCFLD within the patient flow primary or consistently coming to selected by doctors for any reason.Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) все чаще рассматривается в качестве важной и всеобъемлющей проблемы общественного здоровья, которая способна привести к циррозу и раку печени. Известно, что это наиболее распространенное заболевание печени, при этом данные эпидемиологии ограничены. Глобальная тенденция роста распространенности данной патологии печени определила необходимость масштабного эпидемиологического исследования НАЖБП в РФ. Исследование DIREG 2 проводилось под эгидой ведущих российских профессиональных обществ в партнерстве с Санофи Россия.Целью исследования была оценка распространенности НАЖБП среди пациентов амбулаторной практики гастроэнтерологов и терапевтов. Важно также оценить распространенность НАЖБП в Республике Башкортостан в сравнении с данными DIREG 2 по России.Материалы и методы. Проведено эпидемиологическое, наблюдательное, кросс-секциональное, мультицентровое исследование распространенности НАЖБП у амбулаторных пациентов в РФ. Всего в соответствии с критериями включения/исключения в исследование были включены 50145 пациентов; 3232 – пациентов республики Башкортостан). Исследователями были квалифицированные специалисты (терапевты, гастроэнтерологи), ведущие амбулаторный прием. Эпидемиологические данные были получены в ходе двух рутинных визитов пациентов в исследовательские центры.Результаты. Доля пациентов с выявленным диагнозом НАЖБП, первично или повторно обратившихся в амбулаторные медицинские организации (МО), вне зависимости от причины обращения, включая пациентов с подозрением на диагноз НАЖБП, составила 37,3% по России в целом и 40,8% в Республике Башкортостан.Заключение. Распространенность НАЖБП у амбулаторных пациентов в России увеличилась. Высокая распространенность НАЖБП была зарегистрирована у первичных или повторно обратившихся в амбулаторные МО пациентов вне зависимости от причины обращения