ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH OUTPUT ON HOCKEY AT GLOBAL LEVEL: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY

This paper examines the publication of the game of Hockey at global level indexed in web of science. The relevant data for the study has been extracted from the web of science database. The search term “Hockey” has been used as a keyword. A total of 3849 unique records over the year 1989 – 2016 have been downloaded and analyzed under various categories, out of 3849 records, only the top 10 records alone have been considered for this study. More number of articles was published in the year 2016. The authorship trend shows that, out of total 3849 published publication, It is also investigated that “British Journal of Sports Medicine” has more number of published, 126 (3.3). Furthermore, this study also identified that document wise distribution, word frequency, institution wise, institution with subdivision wise, and geographical distribution of the literature and citation analysis is also distinguished. Keywords: Scientometric, Hockey, Web of science

Influence of e-Content Based Coaching on Selected Fundamental Skills in Field Hockey

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of e-content based coaching on selected fundamental skills in Field Hockey. To achieve the purpose of this study 30 male under graduate students from Meenatchi Ramasamy group of institutions, Thathanur, Tamilnadu, India were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 17 and 20 years. The study was formulated as a true random group design, consisting of a pre-test and post-test. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups of fifteen each and named as Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent teaching & coaching with e-content package and Group ‘B’ undergone teaching & coaching without e-content package. The teaching & coaching with e-content group were shown the content developed electronically by the investigators and the other group was given teaching & coaching only in the field. Both the groups undergone respective schedule for six weeks on alternate days. Teaching & coaching session in the field lasted for 60 minutes and e-content schedule was meted out for 20 minutes. The fundamental skills namely straight hit, wrong foot hit, straight push, wrong foot push, straight flick, wrong foot flick and scoop in Hockey were selected as variables. The subjective rating was done by three qualified coaches on each skill selected in this study. The rating was done on 10 points scale by each coach and average on each skill was taken as individual score. Analysis of covariance was used, where the final means were adjusted for differences in the initial means, and the adjusted means were tested for significance. From the analysis of data it was found that the teaching & coaching combined with e-content package group showed significant improvement on all selected fundamental skills in Field Hockey

Nano additive enhanced salt hydrate phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Energy storage plays a vital role in sustainable development. Focus on energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) are of current research hotspot due to high latent heat value. Nevertheless, poor thermal conductivity, supercooling, phase separation, corrosive nature of salt hydrate is of great concern. Distress related to properties of PCM is resolved using nano additives. Major research focus on the dispersion of nano additive with PCM depends on (a) technique of preparing a novel composite PCM; (b) improvement of their thermophysical characteristic; and (c) advanced application for human comfort without polluting the environment. This article presents a critical review of hybridization techniques of metal, carbon and polymer additives on salt hydrate PCMs. To facilitate researchers, the significant variation on thermophysical properties of salt hydrate with nano additives are vitally compared, analysed and critically reviewed. This review article also includes the advanced application of nano additives-based salt hydrate PCMs

Green synthesized 3D coconut shell biochar/polyethylene glycol composite as thermal energy storage material

Developing stable, economic, safer and carbon-based nanoparticles from agro solid waste facilitates a new dimension of advancement for eco-friendly nanomaterials in competition to existing nanoparticles. Herewith, a three dimensional highly porous honeycomb structured carbon-based coconut shell (CS) nanoparticle is prepared through green synthesis technique using tube furnace to energies organic phase change material (PCM). CS nanoparticle synthesis using a green approach is incorporated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a two-step technique to develop PEG/CS nanocomposite PCM. Thermophysical features of the nanocomposites are characterized using transient hot bridge (ThB), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas optical property and chemical stability is evaluated using UV–Vis and FTIR spectrometers. Resulting nanocomposite demonstrates higher thermal conductivity by 114.5 % (improved from 0.24 W/m⋅K to 0.515 W/m⋅K). Energy storage enthalpy increased from 141.2 J/g to 150.1 J/g with 1.0 % weight fraction of CS nanoparticles. Optical absorbance of the nanocomposite is improved by 2.14 times compared to base PCM. The developed nanocomposite samples exhibit extreme thermal stability up to 215 °C. The 3D porous structure of CS nanoparticles shows better contact area with PEG, causing low interfacial thermal resistance for improved thermal network channels and pathways for extra heat transfer and phonon propagation

Thermal performance and corrosion resistance analysis of inorganic eutectic phase change material with one dimensional carbon nanomaterial

The inherent thermal characteristics, supercooling phenomenon, and corrosion issues associated with salt hydrate phase change materials (PCMs) limit their practical applications. In this research work, we report a newly formulated eutectic salt hydrate PCM using a) sodium sulphate decahydrate (SSD) & b) sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (SPDD); with a focus on customizing its properties to enhance its suitability for low temperature thermal regulation (achieving a melting point of 27.8 °C and a high heat storage capacity of 215 J/g). Additionally, we have successfully reduced the degree of supercooling and introduced corrosion resistant properties to this PCM. To enhance both the thermal energy transfer rate and optical absorbance of the eutectic PCM, we have incorporated one-dimensional (1D) multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at various weight fractions, extending up to 0.9 %, utilizing a two-step method. The dispersion and chemical stability of SSD/SPDD + MWCNT nanocomposite are verified through the morphological visual and spectral peaks obtained in Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, studies evaluating the optical and thermal property reveal a substantial 500 % increase in absorbance, a notable 77.9 % reduction in transmissibility, a thermal conductivity increase from 0.464 W/m⋅K to 0.742 W/m⋅K (reflecting a 59.9 % increment), and the retention of a consistent melting enthalpy of 218.6 J/g. This stability is attributed to the intermolecular interaction with MWCNT. Similary, the degree of supercooling (ΔT s) for the SSD/SPDD EPCM containing MWCNT decreased to 2.2 °C from 16.5 °C, marking an 86 % reduction compared to the pure eutectic salt solution. Furthermore, this composite demonstrated enhanced thermal and chemical stability throughout 200 thermal cycles. Auxiliary ANSYS simulation, with transient boundary condition, are provided to analyze the heat transfer interactions between the thermic fluid and the newly developed PCM when integrated into a thermal regulation system. Subsequently, a corrosion analysis of the developed eutectic PCM and the nanocomposite eutectic PCM exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.018 mpy, well below the permissible level (<5mpy). The insights gained from the development of this nanocomposite PCM offer valuable guidance for the design and creation of tailored eutectic PCM for low-temperature thermal regulation systems, resulting in significant energy savings

Green synthesized 3D coconut shell biochar/polyethylene glycol composite as thermal energy storage material

Developing stable, economic, safer and carbon-based nanoparticles from agro solid waste facilitates a new dimension of advancement for eco-friendly nanomaterials in competition to existing nanoparticles. Herewith, a three dimensional highly porous honeycomb structured carbon-based coconut shell (CS) nanoparticle is prepared through green synthesis technique using tube furnace to energies organic phase change material (PCM). CS nanoparticle synthesis using a green approach is incorporated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a two-step technique to develop PEG/CS nanocomposite PCM. Thermophysical features of the nanocomposites are characterized using transient hot bridge (ThB), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas optical property and chemical stability is evaluated using UV–Vis and FTIR spectrometers. Resulting nanocomposite demonstrates higher thermal conductivity by 114.5 % (improved from 0.24 W/m⋅K to 0.515 W/m⋅K). Energy storage enthalpy increased from 141.2 J/g to 150.1 J/g with 1.0 % weight fraction of CS nanoparticles. Optical absorbance of the nanocomposite is improved by 2.14 times compared to base PCM. The developed nanocomposite samples exhibit extreme thermal stability up to 215 °C. The 3D porous structure of CS nanoparticles shows better contact area with PEG, causing low interfacial thermal resistance for improved thermal network channels and pathways for extra heat transfer and phonon propagation

Investigation of thermal performance and chemical stability of graphene enhanced phase change material for thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) have received widespread thermal energy storage (TES) and release properties due to their unique characteristics. However, the PCMs suffer from poor thermal conductivity, resulting in the least thermal performance and heat transfer characteristics. This research focused on enhancing the heat transfer and storage characteristics by developing an organic paraffin wax composite by dispersing highly conductive graphene powder using a two-step technique. The results show that the developed nano enhanced PCM significantly improves the thermal conductivity by 72.2% at 0.6 wt% of graphene powder. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum shows there is no additional peak observed, means physically and chemically stable, and the reduced light transmission capability was enhanced by 32.0% than pure PCM. Due to its extreme characteristics, the developed PCM is an outstanding material for medium temperature solar thermal energy storage applications

Thermal energy storage behaviour of form-stable polyethylene glycol/MWCNT- based phase change materials

Organic phase change materials (OPCMs) possess a remarkable ability to absorb and release latent heat during phase transitions, making them very promising for storing solar energy. Nevertheless, the extensive use of these materials encounters substantial obstacles arising from intrinsic difficulties, such as limited heat conductivity and chemical stability concerns. The authors of this innovative work have successfully led the way in developing a state-of-the-art nano-enhanced organic phase change material (Ne-OPCM). This novel substance utilizes polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the primary phase transition material, which is smoothly incorporated into a network of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to reduce obstacles caused by molecular size and improve chemical durability. In order to overcome the issue of poor thermal conductivity, the researchers selectively used multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a conductive filler. This resulted in a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of PEG-1000. In an ongoing study, thermal characteristics of the developed (Ne-OPCM) composites are evaluated for different weight fractions of 0.3 %, 0.7 %, and 1.0 % of MWCNT. In addition to the morphology, thermal property, chemical stability, optical absorptivity and the latent heat of the developed PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (Ne-OPCM) composite are evaluated using FESEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy TGA and DSC instruments. The thermal conductivity of PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (Ne-OPCM) composite was improved by 87.64 % with a dispersion of 0.7 wt% of MWCNT. The DSC conducted highest latent heat and melting point of a PEG-PMMA/MWCNT (NePCM) composite are 139.66 J/g & 40.4 °C occurring at 0.7 wt% of MWCNT. Consequently, the developed (Ne-OPCM) composites have promising potential in practical solar energy storage applications at the temperature range of 35-40 °C

Investigation of thermal performance and chemical stability of graphene enhanced phase change material for thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) have received widespread thermal energy storage (TES) and release properties due to their unique characteristics. However, the PCMs suffer from poor thermal conductivity, resulting in the least thermal performance and heat transfer characteristics. This research focused on enhancing the heat transfer and storage characteristics by developing an organic paraffin wax composite by dispersing highly conductive graphene powder using a two-step technique. The results show that the developed nano enhanced PCM significantly improves the thermal conductivity by 72.2 at 0.6Â wt of graphene powder. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum shows there is no additional peak observed, means physically and chemically stable, and the reduced light transmission capability was enhanced by 32.0 than pure PCM. Due to its extreme characteristics, the developed PCM is an outstanding material for medium temperature solar thermal energy storage applications

Nanotechnology Revolutionizing Heat Transfer: A Review of Nanofluid Research and Applications

Nanofluids are a mixture of nanosized particles dispersed in a fluid that has gathered significant interest due to their ability to enhance thermal conduction and heat transfer processes. This comprehensive review delves into formulation methodologies, thermal and physical characteristics, and the applications of nanosuspensions in heat transfer. Various techniques are used to prepare heat transfer nanofluids with uniform dispersion and stable suspension. Common methods include mechanical stirring, sonication, chemical synthesis, and surface modification. These methods are influenced by nanomaterials' dimension, structure, and surface properties, ultimately shaping nanofluids' thermophysical characteristics. Thermophysical properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity are notably improved in nanofluids compared to base fluids. However, increasing nanoparticle concentration increases the fluid viscosity, requiring careful consideration for practical applications. Heat transfer nanofluids find applications across various industries, including thermal management systems, heat exchangers, electronics cooling, and renewable energy systems. They improve the performance and efficiency of heat transfer equipment, enhance thermal conductivity in electronics cooling, and optimize energy harvesting processes in solar collectors. In conclusion, heat transfer nanofluids present promising opportunities to improve thermal conductivity and heat transfer efficiency in diverse applications. Continued research and development in formulation methods, understanding of thermophysical properties, and exploring new applications are crucial for fully realizing the potential of heat transfer nanofluids in various engineering fields