What are the critical issues arising from the SADC trade integration process?

This policy brief is a shortened version of the following paper: Overview of Trade Relations in SADC: Some Empirical Observations by Paul Kalenga

Regional Trade Integration in Southern Africa: Critical Policy Issues

The aim of this paper is to highlight key issues arising from regional trade integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) as well as the concomitant policies required to facilitate the trade process. The paper highlights issues pertaining to distribution effects arising from integrating unequal partners and the need for open trade policies in order to realise potential positive spillovers

What are the major trends and determinants of foreign direct investment in SADC countries?

This policy brief is a shortened version of the following paper: Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa by Paul Kalenga

National policies and regional integration in the South African Development Community

This paper focuses on the relationship between regional integration in the Southern African Development Community and national policies. Review of trade, industrial, agricultural, labour, and related policy areas, indicates that national policies can and do run counter to the regional integration initiatives that are formalized in the legal instruments of this southern African regional economic community

Regional Trade Integration in Southern Africa: Critical Policy Issues

The aim of this paper is to highlight key issues arising from regional trade integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) as well as the concomitant policies required to facilitate the trade process. The paper highlights issues pertaining to distribution effects arising from integrating unequal partners and the need for open trade policies in order to realise potential positive spillovers. The main policy issues discussed are competition policies, standards and related technical regulations, rules of origin, macroeconomic policies, fiscal revenue implications, industrial strategies and the need for an appropriate institutional framework.South Africa: regional trade integration, distribution effects

Intrafamilial phenotype variability in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

X-Linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which accounts for 90% of inherited cases of NDI, is caused by mutations in the AVPR2 gene that encodes the arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor type 2 (V2R). The V2R mediates the antidiuretic action of AVP in principal cells of the collecting duct. To date, only three AVPR2 mutations (P322S, D85N, and G201D) have been associated with a mild NDI phenotype, and intrafamilial phenotype variability has not been reported in affected males. We describe a novel Belgian family with X-linked NDI caused by substitution of a histidine for an arginine at position 137 (R137H) of AVPR2. This mutation has been identified in two brothers and their mother. The R137H mutation results in a failure of V2R to stimulate adenylate cyclase and has been associated consistently with severe NDI and the inability to increase urinary osmolality to greater than plasma osmolality during water deprivation and/or infusion of 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin. Detailed examination of the two affected brothers showed the typical NDI phenotype in the 45-year-old proband, whereas a milder clinical phenotype associated with significant urinary concentrating ability during water deprivation was documented in the 33-year-old brother. Thus, in this family, the R137H mutation is associated with either a mild or severe NDI phenotype. Mechanisms that might account for these findings include genetic and/or environmental modifiers