ML and Umvu Estimation in the M/d/1 Queuing System

In the imbedded Markov chain (IMC) analysis of M/G/1 queuing system, X1, X2, …, Xn, … form a sequence of i.i.d random variables. where Xn denotes the number of customer arrivals during the service time of customer. In the M/D/1 queue, the distribution of common random variable X is the Poisson distribution with mean ρ, the traffic intensity. This fact is utilized for maximum likelihood (ML) and uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation of traffic intensity, performance measures, transition probabilities of IMC, and correlation functions of departure process, based on a sample of fixed size n from P(ρ) distribution. Also, consistent asymptotic normality (CAN) property of ML estimators (MLEs) is established. The MLEs and UMVUEs are compared

Estimation of Measures in M/m/1 Queue

Maximum likelihood and uniform minimum variance unbiased estimators of steady-state probability distribution of system size, probability of at least ℓ customers in the system in steady state, and certain steady-state measures of effectiveness in the M/M/1 queue are obtained/derived based on observations on X, the number of customer arrivals during a service time. The estimators are compared using Asympotic Expected Deficiency (AED) criterion leading to recommendation of uniform minimum variance unbiased estimators over maximum likelihood estimators for some measures

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Not AvailableLeclercia adecarboxylata, a Gram-negative bacillus of family Enterobacteriaceae, is an uncommonly identified pathogen isolated from environmental and clinical specimens. Most of the human infections are polymicrobial and commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts, although nosocomial infections in immunocompetent hosts have been documented. Here, we describe the case of isolation of Leclercia species as polymicrobial infection from bovine suffering from respiratory distress in Chhattisgarh state of India. The isolates were identified by their phenotypes, 16S rDNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS. The isolate was found to be resistant to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and intermediate resistant to cephalosporins and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and could act as hidden source of public health hazard. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rarely reported human pathogen. We report here the case from bovine suffering from respiratory distress; the sample yielded Leclercia species as polymicrobial culture. The isolate was found to be multidrug resistant and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and could act as hidden source of public health hazard. The limited literature available on this organism is reviewed, and the potential implications of findings are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Leclercia species from animal clinical case from India.Not Availabl