Gibberellic acid (GA3) can shorten the grafting cycle through enhanced seedling growth and biomass in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Due to the slow growth of cashew seedlings, nurserymen and growers have to wait for more time for taking up softwood grafting operations to market or planting them. The use of growth regulators has resulted in a shortening of propagation time in many fruit crops. Therefore, the nursery experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of GA3 and NAA on the growth and biomass of cashew seedlings. Five treatments viz., control and foliar application of GA3 @ 50 ppm, GA3 @ 100 ppm, NAA @ 50 ppm and NAA 100 ppm were replicated four times in completely randomized design. Growth regulators were sprayed on 10 days old seedlings of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4. Cashew seedlings sprayed with GA3 @ 100 ppm recorded highest shoot length, seedling length and girth, leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight. However, spraying of NAA @ 100 ppm recorded maximum root length and highest root fresh weight and root dry weight. Irrespective of the treatments, most of the seedling growth parameters increased as days progressed. Post germination sprays with GA3 @ 100 ppm can be effectively employed for increasing the seedling growth of cashew which would help in producing healthy seedlings in a short period for advancing the grafting operations and in turn reduce the duration of propagation as well as the cost of seedling production. &nbsp

Evaluation of the groundwater quality index (GWQI) and the human health risk (HHR) on fluoride concentration in Namakkal district, South India

This research aims to determine the health consequences of fluoride contamination of groundwater in the Namakkal region in south India using the groundwater quality index (GWQI). Study area latitude and longitude: 11° 00' and 11° 30' in the north, and 77° 45' and 78° 15' in the east. Statewide, it is among the largest districts in the state. The study region occupies an area of 3406.37 km2. The geology of the studied area is mainly based on the Archaean crystalline and metamorphic complex. The district's major aquifer systems are composed of crystalline rocks that are weathered and fractured and of colluvial deposits.  Alluvium and colluvium are examples of porous formations in the cross-section. Only the main river channels have alluvial deposits. The phreatic properties of groundwater Depending on the topography, these aquifers may reach 5 m saturation thickness. Groundwater samples were obtained from 58 bore well sites across the study area during the North-East Monsoon (NEM) of 2015. pH concentrations in suitable drinking water regions during the seasons assist in limiting the availability of groundwater for drinking purposes. TDS are an important factor in determining water suitability for various purposes. The groundwater sample in the study area shows cation domination in ascending order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ due to the dissolution of aquifer minerals in rainfall in the study area. In the NEM seasons, rock dominance and anthropogenic contributions to higher Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ values. Fluoride concentration differentiates into three groups such as < 0.5 indicates low risk, 0.5 to 1.5 indicates moderate risk, and > 1.5 means high risk. More than 2 fluoride implies very high risk, whereas fluoride in the range of 1.5 to 2.24 suggests a very high risk. The appraisal of non-carcinogenic risk was done to stress the health issues that succeed due to the intake and dermal contact of drinking water in the Namakkal district. The percentage of risk HQ >1 shows that 48 men groundwater samples, followed by 46 groundwater samples women and 30 groundwater samples children, constitute possible health hazards. Overall, health risk estimation results showed that all the groundwater samples have surpassed the permissible limit of HQ <1 for children

Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Study on Adsorption Characteristics for Removal of Acid Orange II from Aqueous Solution

The present study aimed to improve the adsorption characteristics of the pristine layered double hydroxide (LDH) by physicochemical modification using polyethylene glycol (PEG(400)), a nontoxic hydrophilic polymer. With this objective, LDH was synthesized and modified with different concentrations of PEG(400). The PEG-modified LDHs (LDH/PEGs) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and porosity measurement, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The adsorption properties of the pristine LDH (PLDH) and the LDH/PEGs were studied for the removal of Acid Orange II from water, and the results were compared. The PLDH treated with 15% PEG solution showed similar to 30% increase in adsorption capacity as compared to the PLDH. The adsorption isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as Delta S and Delta H showed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics data for both PLDH and the LDH/PEG adsorbents presented a good fit to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model

Study on Different Topology Manipulation Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to screen physical or environmental conditions and to agreeably go their information through the network to a principle area. One of the critical necessities of a WSN is the efficiency of vitality, which expands the life time of the network. At the same time there are some different variables like Load Balancing, congestion control, coverage, Energy Efficiency, mobility and so on. A few methods have been proposed via scientists to accomplish these objectives that can help in giving a decent topology control. In the piece, a few systems which are accessible by utilizing improvement and transformative strategies that give a multi target arrangement are examined. In this paper, we compare different algorithms' execution in view of a few parameters intended for every target and the outcomes are analyzed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15029

ReverseCloak: A Reversible Multi-level Location Privacy Protection System

With the fast popularization of mobile devices and wireless networks, along with advances in sensing and positioning technology, we are witnessing a huge proliferation of Location-based Services (LBSs). Location anonymization refers to the process of perturbing the exact location of LBS users as a cloaking region such that a user's location becomes indistinguishable from the location of a set of other users. However, existing location anonymization techniques focus primarily on single level unidirectional anonymization, which fails to control the access to the cloaking data to let data requesters with different privileges get information with varying degrees of anonymity. In this demonstration, we present a toolkit for ReverseCloak, a location perturbation system to protect location privacy over road networks in a multi-level reversible manner, consisting of an 'Anonymizer' GUI to adjust the anonymization settings and visualize the multilevel cloaking regions over road network for location data owners and a 'De-anonymizer' GUI to de-anonymize the cloaking region and display the reduced region over road network for location data requesters. With the toolkit, we demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the ReverseCloak approach

Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Leaves of Clausena Dentata (Willd.) (Rutaceae).

The pharmacologically active substances derived from chemical synthesis and most widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases and the herbs is only the origin of many phytoconstituents. Recently there has been an increase in the use of herbals and its formulations for the treatment of diseases and to promote and safeguard the health of the people. In the present study, an attempt was made to explore the medicinal values of the plant Clausena dentata (Willd) especially for treating tropical infections. The present investigation has revealed that the volatile oil has good antioxidant, larvicidal, antifungal and antibacterial activity. Further studies on the screening, isolation and purification of bioactive phytochemical constituents/compounds followed by indepth laboratory and field bioassays are needed as the present study shows that there is scope to use C.dentata leaf extracts to control the larval stages

Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Clitoria Ternatea Linn against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

The presented data indicate that administration of the hydro alcoholic extract of Clitoria ternatea to rats in ethylene glycol induced lithiasis, reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones, supporting the hill tribals’ claim regarding antilithiatic activity of the plants. Earlier studies reported that antilithiatic activity might be through an antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging principle(s). Hydro alcoholic extract of Clitoria ternatea are having Polyphenols- Tyrosol, Pyrogallol, saponins and Flavonoids. These components are responsible for antilithiatic activity. Therefore, treatment with hydro alcoholic extract of Clitoria ternatea may prevent calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney by preventing hyperoxaluria induced peroxidative damage to the renal tubular membrane surface (lipid peroxidation), which in turn can prevent calcium oxalate crystal attachment and subsequent development of kidney stones