Practical Challenges in CACC Communication: ITS G5, LTE Uu, and LTE Sidelink PC5

The focus of this study is the performance evaluation of Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) achieved with three different wireless technologies for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, i.e., intelligent transport system (ITS) G5 based on 802.11p and mobile long term evolution (LTE). For communications with LTE we will consider both the regular air interface LTE Uu and the device-to-device PC5, which is based on LTE sidelink. CACC employs inter-vehicle wireless communications to safely drive at short inter-vehicle distances, which improves road throughput. The underlying technical requirement to achieve this benefit is formulated by the notion of string stability, requiring the attenuation of the effects of disturbances in upstream direction. This work analyzes the relation between the communication performance and the string stable performance of a CACC string. Field experiments were carried out in Lelystad, The Netherlands, with two CACC-equipped vehicles. Results show that the latency of ITS G5 network is smaller than LTE Uu and PC5. However, since the majority latency of LTE Uu and PC5 is limited by the string stability requirement in the current test setting, string stability can still be guaranteed. The packet error with LTE PC5 and ITS G5 is observed. However, the packet error rate is small that does not significantly affect the CACC application performance

Connected and Automated Mobility Services in 5G Cross-Border Environments: Challenges and Prospects

The next generation of mobile networks, namely 5G, promises significant qualitative and quantitative advances for multiple vertical domains. However, most studies and investigations assess these advances under the implicit assumption of a single network service provider, with typical national coverage. In this article, we take a close look at the automotive sector and highlight a series of challenges emerging in the context of its inherent (inter)national mobility and the corresponding importance of cross-border and/or multioperator environments. Our target is to pinpoint the key influential factors affecting the transition toward seamless (cooperative) connected and automated mobility services within and across national borders. To this end, we identify and analyze a series of challenges in the areas of, networking, application, security, and regulation. We further present and discuss a series of corresponding solutions investigated in the pragmatic context of our experimental activities