Exterior powers in Iwasawa theory

The Iwasawa theory of CM fields has traditionally concerned Iwasawa modules that are abelian pro-p Galois groups with ramification allowed at a maximal set of primes over p such that the module is torsion. A main conjecture for such an Iwasawa module describes its codimension one support in terms of a p-adic L-function attached to the primes of ramification. In this paper, we study more general and potentially much smaller Iwasawa modules that are quotients of exterior powers of Iwasawa modules with ramification at a set of primes over p by sums of exterior powers of inertia subgroups. We show that the higher codimension support of such quotients can be measured by finite collections of p-adic L-functions under the relevant CM main conjectures.Comment: 41 pages, to appear in J. Eur. Math. So

Context-based Sentiment analysis of Indian Marathi Text using Deep Learning

In Digital India, the Internet plays a crucial role in communication. The English language is widely used for such a process. The Internet has no language barrier. India is a multi-lingual country with boundless linguistic and social diversities. The most trending pattern observed in India is people intend to post their views, thoughts, feedback, and comments in their mother tongue over social media and blogs. Views posted by people is important for organization belonging to any category small, medium and large enterprises to improve their product or service. This data is hastily accumulated every day which should be necessary to identify and process. In terms of processing little work has been done for Indian languages where traditional approaches were used which are far away from the context of the text. In this research to perform sentiment analysis supervised algorithms that is Multinomial Naïve Bayes is implemented on the Marathi dataset. Along with this deep learning, Natural Language Processing approach Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) is utilized and fine-tuned for the specific work to evaluate more accuracy and State-of-the-Art results

Molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. Isolates by using RAPD technique

Genetic diversity of ten Fusarium spp. isolates was studied by using RAPD technique. As Fusarium species were commonly occurred on all five oilseeds in almost all varieties especially showing abnormalities. Out of seven primers used three primers viz., OPAD-4, OPAD-7 and OPAD-18 gave amplification and produced twenty seven bands. The diversity index in dendrogram clearly indicate the distinct features which gives clear idea about the relation between Fusarium species isolates and seed content.Â

Nutritional changes in soybean and safflower oil due to storage fungi

Present research work embodies the deteriorative changes in soybean and safflower oil due to storage fungi. Ten test fungi which were previously isolated from abnormal oilseeds inoculated separately into the double refined soybean and safflower oil. Great variation in the colour and odour of the biodeteriorated oils of soybean and safflower oil were observed. Colour variation from yellow to bright yellow, while that of odour variation from normal to rancid. Curvularia pellescens increased the saponification number of safflower oil. Macrophomina phaseolina showed decrease in saponification number of soybean oil. Alternaria dianthicola hampered the free fatty acid content while, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium equiseti showed increased in free fatty acid content of safflower oil. Free fatty acid content in soybean oil was drastically decreased due to Alternaria dianthicola and Rhizopus stolonifer. Curvularia lunata decreased the iodine value of safflower and soybean. Peroxide value of safflower and soybean was found to be increased due to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti. Based on this study, it is proposed that efforts should be made to minimize the hazard of deterioration due to storage fungi during storage of such oils

Cup products in the etale cohomology of number fields

This paper concerns cup product pairings in \'etale cohomology related to work of M. Kim and of W. McCallum and R. Sharifi. We will show that by considering Ext groups rather than cohomology groups, one arrives at a pairing which combines invariants defined by Kim with a pairing defined by McCallum and Sharifi. We also prove a formula for Kim's invariant in terms of Artin maps in the case of cyclic unramified Kummer extensions. One consequence is that for all $n > 1$, there are infinitely many number fields $F$ over which there are both trivial and non-trivial Kim invariants associated to cyclic groups of order $n$.Comment: 21 pages; in version 3 we changed the title of the paper and we restructured the pape

Determination of Toxicity of some Fungal Metabolites on Seed Germination and Pigment Leaching

In present investigation, eighteen fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar and Rose Bengal Agar medium from abnormal soybean seeds. Out of these eighteen fungi, ten dominant fungi were selected to study the toxic potentialities of culture filtrate of these ten fungi on oilseeds germination, pigment leaching i.e. chlorophyll of spinach and betalain of beet root.  Maximum loss of chlorophylls was caused due to toxins of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium notatum. Fusarium oxysporum caused minimum loss of chlorophylls. Aspergillus niger and Alternaria dianthicola was responsible for maximum leaching of betalain pigment while Curvularia lunata causes minimum leaching of pigment.---Seed Pathology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad- 431004(M.S.) India  ---Please Cite This Article As: Rajendra B. Kakde and Ashok M. Chavan. 2010. Determination of Toxicity of some Fungal Metabolites on Seed Germination and Pigment Leaching. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(6):46-55.Â

Deteriorative changes in oilseeds due to storage fungi and efficacy of botanicals

Improper storage makes the oilseeds vulnerable to storage fungi which deteriorate the stored oilseeds both qualitatively and quantitatively. They bring about the variety of biochemical changes in the suitable conditions. Considering this fact, experiments were undertaken to understand nutritional changes like change in reducing sugar, change in crude fat content and change in crude fiber content of oilseeds due to artificial infestation of storage fungi. It was found that, Alternaria dianthicola, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizopus stolonifer causes decrease in reducing sugar of oilseeds. Alternaria dianthicola, Curvularia pellescens, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium chrysogenum hampered the fat content of oilseeds. Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pellescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium digitatum increased the fiber content in oilseeds. An attempt was also made to control the seed-borne fungi by using aqueous extract of ten medicinal plants. Aqueous extract of Eucalyptus angophoroides was found to be most fungitoxic

Effect of Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Antibiotic and Vitamin Sources on Hydrolytic Enzyme Production by Storage Fungi

In present investigation emphasis is given on to screen the lipolytic activity of storage fungi. Abnormal safflower seeds of PBNS-12 and Bhima varieties were collected from Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Dominant fungi were isolated from abnormal oilseeds on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Total twenty fungi were isolated. Out of that lipase enzyme activity of ten dominant fungi other than Aspergillus sp. was studied by using different nutritional sources like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, antibiotic and vitamin sources. It was found that carbon sources like fructose and sucrose induces lipase activity while starch, lactose and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) inhibits lipase activity. Nitrogen sources like casein and peptone which are organic forms stimulated maximum lipase enzyme production of storage fungi. Sulphur sources like calcium sulphate and ferrus sulphate reduced the lipase enzyme production by storage fungi while, phosphorus source like di-sodium hydrogen ortho-phosphate, ammonium phosphate and potassium di-hydrogen ortho-phosphate stimulated lipase enzyme production. Antibiotic like ampicillin, norfloxacin and tetracycline reduced the lipase production of storage fungi. Lipase activity of storage fungi was reduced in presence of vitamin source like riboflavin while, folic acid and vitamin C stimulated the lipase enzyme production

Bioactivity of plants gums against pathogenic fungi

In order to investigate the bioactivity of gum of selected plants  against the economically important fungi like Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pellescence, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer  the experiments were carried out by using different concentrations of plant gum i.e. 1%, 5%, 10%. Gum Acacia arabica was found to promote the growth of fungi like Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger as the function of concentration of gum. Whereas the growth of fungi like Curvularia lunata, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, were found to be inhibited by the 1% gum of Acacia arabica. But on the contrary the concentration of gum increased to level of 5% and 10%, the increase in dry mycelium weight of these fungi were found. The Rhizopus stolonifer was found to be suppressed at 10% concentration. Gum of Acacia chundra was found to promote the growth of fungi like Macrophomina phaseolina and Penicillium chrysogenum with the increased concentration of gum. On the other hand the fungi like Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be inhibited at 1% concentration of gum. But at 5% concentration the fungi like Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia pellecence, Fusarium equiseti and Rhizopus stolonifer showed the increased in dry mycelial weight. At 10 % concentration all fungi except Curvularia pellecence and Penicillium digitatum showed increase in dry mycelium weight. Similarly, gum of Azadirechta indica, Boswellia serrata and Butea monosperma showed fungitoxic activity at variable concentrations