Die Dunkle Triade in einer deutschen repräsentativen Stichprobe

Die "Niederträchtigen Neun" ist eine psychometrisch optimierte deutsche Version des "Dreckigen Dutzends" zur Erfassung der Dunklen Triade. In dieser Studie betrachten wir diverse psychometrische Eigenschaften der Niederträchtigen Neun mit einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe. Es wurden verschiedene Faktorstrukturen miteinander verglichen sowie Messinvarianzanalysen über das Geschlecht und über das Alter anhand von konfirmatorischen Faktoranalysen und lokal gewichteten Strukturgleichungsmodellen durchgeführt. Außerdem stellen wir Normwerte zur individualdiagnostischen Interpretation von Rohwerten zur Verfügung. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Niederträchtigen Neun durch Bifaktor-Modelle mit Machiavellismus als inhaltlicher Anker des allgemeinen Faktors (dem "dunklen Kern") am besten repräsentiert wird. Über das Geschlecht ergaben sich Einschränkungen der metrischen Invarianz, die hauptsächlich auf Indikatoren von Psychopathie zurückzuführen sind. Partielle metrische Invarianz konnte jedoch belegt werden. Über das Alter konnte metrische Invarianz belegt werden, jedoch ergaben sich Einschränkungen der skalaren und strikten Invarianz. Implikationen für die Erfassung der Dunklen Triade mit der Niederträchtigen Neun oder dem Dreckigen Dutzend werden diskutiert.The so-called "Naughty Nine" is a psychometrically optimized German version of the "Dirty Dozen", a scale designed to assess the Dark Triad. This article examines different psychometric features of the Naughty Nine using a representative German sample. We compared several factor structures discussed in the literature and investigated measurement invariance across sex and age, using confirmatory factor analyses and locally weighted structural equation models. Further, we provide reference values for the Naughty Nine to rank individual raw values relative to a German reference population. The results show that bifactor models with Machiavellianism as the reference construct that defines the content of the general factor (the "Dark Core") best represent the Naughty Nine. We found limitations of metric invariance across sex, which can mainly be attributed to indicators of psychopathy. Partial metric invariance was supported. Across age, we found evidence for metric invariance but also found limitations of scalar and strict invariance. Finally, we discuss the implications of investigating the Dark Triad using the Naughty Nine or the Dirty Dozen

Nothing going on?

$\bf Objective$ Missed events are defined as the nonoccurrence of expected major life events within a specified time frame. We examined whether missed events should be studied in research on growth by exploring the role of missed events for changes in subjective well-being (SWB) and the Big Five personality traits. $\bf Method$ The samples were selected from two nationally representative panel studies, the German Socioeconomic Panel Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS, total $\it N$ = 6,638) and the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel (LISS, Ns between 4,262 and 5,749). Rank-order stability and mean-level change were analyzed using regression and mixed models. Type I error probability was reduced by using conservative thresholds for level of significance and minimal effect size. $\bf Results$ Expected but missed events were more frequent than actually experienced events. For SWB, rank-order stability tended to be lower among those who experienced a missed event than among those who did not. For the Big Five personality traits, significant differences between those who did and those who did not experience a missed event were rare and unsystematic. $\bf Conclusion$ Missed events merit more attention in future research on growth and personality change, but the effects are probably weak