Check on the features of potted 20-inch PMTs with 1F3 electronics prototype at Pan-Asia

The Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino project with a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector located at 700-m underground. The large 20-inch PMTs are one of the crucial components of the JUNO experiment aiming to precision neutrino measurements with better than 3% energy resolution at 1 MeV. The excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume provide many exciting opportunities for addressing important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With the container #D at JUNO Pan-Asia PMT testing and potting station, the features of waterproof potted 20-inch PMTs were measured with JUNO 1F3 electronics prototype in waveform and charge, which are valuable for better understanding on the performance of the waterproof potted PMTs and the JUNO 1F3 electronics. In this paper, basic features of JUNO 1F3 electronics prototype run at Pan-Asia will be introduced, followed by an analysis of the waterproof potted 20-inch PMTs and a comparison with the results from commercial electronics used by the container #A and #B

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Myeloid Cell-Derived IL-1 Signaling Damps Neuregulin-1 from Fibroblasts to Suppress Colitis-Induced Early Repair of the Intestinal Epithelium

Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1, gene symbol: Nrg1), a ligand of the ErbB receptor family, promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and repair. However, the dynamics and accurate derivation of Nrg1 expression during colitis remain unclear. By analyzing the public single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets and employing a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, we investigated the cell source of Nrg1 expression and its potential regulator in the process of epithelial healing. Nrg1 was majorly expressed in stem-like fibroblasts arising early in mouse colon after DSS administration, and Nrg1–Erbb3 signaling was identified as a potential mediator of interaction between stem-like fibroblasts and colonic epithelial cells. During the ongoing colitis phase, a significant infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils secreting IL-1β emerged, accompanied by the rise in stem-like fibroblasts that co-expressed Nrg1 and IL-1 receptor 1. By stimulating intestinal or lung fibroblasts with IL-1β in the context of inflammation, we observed a downregulation of Nrg1 expression. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease also exhibited an increase in NRG1+IL1R1+ fibroblasts and an interaction of NRG1–ERBB between IL1R1+ fibroblasts and colonic epithelial cells. This study reveals a novel potential mechanism for mucosal healing after inflammation-induced epithelial injury, in which inflammatory myeloid cell-derived IL-1β suppresses the early regeneration of intestinal tissue by interfering with the secretion of reparative neuregulin-1 by stem-like fibroblasts

Long Length Document Classification by Local Convolutional Feature Aggregation

The exponential increase in online reviews and recommendations makes document classification and sentiment analysis a hot topic in academic and industrial research. Traditional deep learning based document classification methods require the use of full textual information to extract features. In this paper, in order to tackle long document, we proposed three methods that use local convolutional feature aggregation to implement document classification. The first proposed method randomly draws blocks of continuous words in the full document. Each block is then fed into the convolution neural network to extract features and then are concatenated together to output the classification probability through a classifier. The second model improves the first by capturing the contextual order information of the sampled blocks with a recurrent neural network. The third model is inspired by the recurrent attention model (RAM), in which a reinforcement learning module is introduced to act as a controller for selecting the next block position based on the recurrent state. Experiments on our collected four-class arXiv paper dataset show that the three proposed models all perform well, and the RAM model achieves the best test accuracy with the least information

Blood-Chemistry Parameters Comparison among Different Age Stages of Chinese Sturgeon <i>Acipenser sinensis</i>

The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), a critically endangered migratory fish native to the Yangtze River estuary, is experiencing alarming population declines. Understanding the physiological and biochemical profiles of this species is paramount for its conservation. However, due to limited sample availability, blood biochemical parameters have remained understudied. In this study, we examined blood chemistry in artificially cultured Chinese sturgeon ranging from 2 to 15 years of age. Our results revealed age-related trends: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), testosterone undecanoate (11-KT), and red blood cell count (RBC) increased with age, while glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), and serum creatinine (CREA) decreased. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) declined from 3 to 7 years but rose from 8 to 15 years. Blood parameters showed stabilization with age, indicating enhanced resilience and immunity. Significant alterations in parameters at ages 2–3 and 14–15 suggest critical developmental stages. These findings are crucial for understanding sturgeon growth, development, migration, and reproduction, underscoring the necessity for targeted conservation efforts during pivotal life stages

Comprehensive Utilization of Associated Sulfur Resources of Panxi Vanadium Titanium Magnetite and Its Significance for Low-Carbon Development

This is an essay in the field of mining engineering, which takes Panxi vanadium-titanium magnetite associated sulfur resources as the research object, and expounds its comprehensive utilization path and its low-carbon development significance. Sulfur is one of the typical associated elements of Panxi vanadium-titanium magnetite, and it is also a port element of the emerging industrial chain of food-resource-energy in the double carbon era. Based on the endowment conditions of Panxi vanadium-titanium-magnetite associated resources and the occurrence status of sulfur minerals, this paper analyzes the current situation and characteristics of associated sulfur resources, and uses the mining and dressing industry chain of vanadium-titanium magnetite to discuss the possible environmental impact of sulfur in the process of comprehensive utilization. The comprehensive utilization potential analysis is discussed from two aspects of mineral product demand and comprehensive utilization maturity risk assessment. Under the circumstances that associated sulfur resources are facing the challenge of green and low-carbon development, this paper puts forward comprehensive utilization suggestions from the three aspects of planning top-level design, technical research, and production line promotion, aiming to promote the development of the sulfur industry guided by the principle of green and low-carbon, Focus on promoting carbon reduction and pollution reduction through source sulfur selection production line intervention. The research in this paper can provide new ideas and specific suggestions for the comprehensive utilization of sulfur resources associated with vanadium-titanium magnetite, environmental planning and low-carbon development