Experimental investigation of dynamic response of liquid-filled rock joints with horizontal inclination under stress wave loading

In underground rock engineering, the liquid-filled rock joints are inevitably subjected to dynamic disturbances such as earthquakes and blasting. The fluidity of liquids leads to distinct spatial distribution patterns within inclined joints under the influence of gravitational forces, while the motion characteristics of liquids are altered upon encountering stress waves. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic response of liquid-filled rock joints with horizontal inclination when subjected to stress wave loading. The rock joint specimens filled with liquid were prepared using the gouged samples of diorite, polymethyl methacrylate tubes, and glycerol. Experimental tests were conducted using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar testing system on jointed rock specimens filled with liquid. Three influencing factors, namely, the joint matching coefficient (JMC), liquid content, and viscosity, were considered. The dynamic response of liquid-filled joints was analyzed based on the transmitted energy of stress waves and liquid motion. The results indicated that an increase in JMC of the liquid-filled rock joints leads to a higher transmission of stress wave energy. As the fluid content increases, the transmission energy of high-amplitude, low-frequency stress waves shows a monotonic increase, while that of low-amplitude, high-frequency waves initially remains constant, followed by an increase. When the liquid content is 50%, the transmission of stress wave energy decreases with increasing liquid viscosity. However, when the liquid content is 100%, the transmission energy shows a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with increasing liquid viscosity. At the joint boundaries, the direction of fluid motion is perpendicular to the horizontal joint plane and upward. Both the drainage capacity of the joint and the intensity of fluid motion diminish with increasing fluid viscosity. These findings provide some valuable insights into the interaction mechanism between stress waves and liquid-filled rock joints, contributing to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon

Functional filter for whole genome sequencing data identifies HHT and stress-associated non-coding SMAD4 polyadenylation site variants >5kb from coding DN

Acknowledgments: This research was made possible through access to the data and findings generated by the 100,000 Genomes Project. The work was cofounded by the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the D’Almeida Charitable Trust, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. AA was supported by Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia. MAA was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R35HL140019). The 100,000 Genomes Project is managed by Genomics England Limited (a wholly owned company of the Department of Health and Social Care). The 100,000 Genomes Project uses data provided by patients and collected by the National Health Service as part of their care and support. We thank the National Health Service staff of the UK Genomic Medicine Centres and the participants for their willing participation; the Genomics England Clinical Research Interface team, specifically Susan Walker, for separately reviewing bam file variant sequences; Charlotte Bevan, Michael Hubank and Santiago Vernia for helpful discussions and manuscript review; and our academic and public partners within the NIHR Imperial BRC’s Social Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Health (SGE) theme. We specifically thank the presented families for confirmation of their clinical phenotypes and consent to share in this manuscript. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of funders, the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.Peer reviewedPublisher PD