Challenges for Hybrid Water Electrolysis to Replace the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on an Industrial Scale

To enable a future society based on sun and wind energy, transforming electricity into chemical energy in the form of fuels is crucial. This transformation can be achieved in an electrolyzer performing water splitting, where at the anode, water is oxidized to oxygen oxygen evolution reaction OER to produce protons and electrons that can be combined at the cathode to form hydrogen hydrogen evolution reaction HER . While hydrogen is a desired fuel, the obtained oxygen has no economic value. A techno economically more suitable alternative is hybrid water electrolysis, where value added oxidation reactions of abundant organic feedstocks replace the OER. However, tremendous challenges remain for the industrial scale application of hybrid water electrolysis. Herein, these challenges, including the higher kinetic overpotentials of organic oxidation reactions compared to the OER, the small feedstock availably and product demand of these processes compared to the HER and carbon dioxide reduction , additional purifications costs, and electrocatalytic challenges to meet the industrially required activities, selectivities, and especially long term stabilities are critically discussed. It is anticipated that this perspective helps the academic research community to identify industrially relevant research questions concerning hybrid water electrolysi