The reaction of diethyl 2-chloro-and diethyl 2-methoxy-azulene-1,3-dicarboxylates with grignard reagents

PURPOSE: To determine wether normal myocardium can be distinguished from infarction at enhanced MR imaging with a dose of 25 µmol/kg MnCl2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After 45 minutes coronary arterial occlusion and 2-hour reperfusion, a group of 7 pigs was injected with 25 µmol of the intracellular contrast media MnCl2 per kilogram of body weight. Look-Locker images were acquired to measure longitudinal relaxation times (T1) in normal myocardium, reperfused infarction, chamber blood and autochthonous back musculature. T1 values were measured before the administration of MnCl2 and at 15-minute intervals during 4 hours afterward by using a 1,5-T unit. RESULTS: There was no noticeable washout of the contrast media in normal myocardium over the time. The contrast agent cleared from the blood pool and infarcted area rapidly. After administration of MnCl2, T1 values of the autochthonous back musculature did not not significantly differ during 4 hours. CONCLUSION: MnCl2 allows differentiation between normal and acutely infarcted myocardium. This intracellular contrast media has characteristics similar to those of widely used thallium and may be useful in the assessment of myocardial viability at MR imagin

Reactions of diethyl azulene-1,3-dicarboxylate derivatives and 1-azaazulene derivatives with grignard reagents, and alkyl- and aryllithium

Reactions of diethyl azulene-1,3-dicarboxylate (1) and diethyl 2-chloroazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate (11) with Grignard reagents, followed by dehydration with tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, gave 2-, 4,- and 6-substituted addition-oxidation products. Grignards reagents have a tendency to react with 1 at the positions in the order of 2 > 4 > 6, while steric hindrance has a greater influence at the positions in order of 2 > 4 > 6. Reactions of 1 and 11 with phenyllithium and methyllithium gave similar results. On the other hand, on the reaction of diethyl 2-methoxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate (15), Grignard reagents attacked preferentially at the methoxy group, and 2-substituted products were obtained. Use of excess molar equivalents of Grignard reagents led to diaryl-substituted products. Reaction of 2-chloro-1-azaazulenes with Grignard reagents also gave similar addition-oxidation products, and reacted at the positions in the order 8 4 > 6, whereas reaction of 2-methoxy-1-azaazulene with a Grignard reagent gave 1-azaazulen-2(1H)-one