Optoelectronic parallel-matching architecture : architecture description, performance estimation, and prototype demonstration

This paper was published in Optics Express and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.40.000283 Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law

The effects of hyperventilation on the human SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential), VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) and AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential)

The effects of HV (hyperventilation) on the human SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential), VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) and AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential) were studied with healthy 64 male and 99 female subjects. SEP, VEP and AEP were recorded simultaneously, with 1024 msec of analysis time, together with EEG, before and after HV for 3 min. The following results were obtained. 1. After HV, interpeak amplitudes of SEP, VEP and of AEP almost increased significantly, and the latencies of components of VEP increased significantly in both male and female subjects. But the latencies of the components of SEP and AEP changed differently between males and females. From these results, it was considered that brain activities increased after HV, rebounding from inhibition during HV. And it is suggested that the influence of hypoxia occured during HV is prolonged in VEP than in SEP and AEP. Besides, it is considered that the recovery from the influence of HV is delayed in males than in females. 2. As for the recording of Evoked Potentials together with EEG, it is appropriate that Evoked Potentials are recorded before HV

Visual evoked potential and electroencephalogram of healthy females during the menstrual cycle

Flash visual evoked potential (VEP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during the menstrual cycle were studied using healthy females having regular menstruation, with 21 at the follicular phase (FP) and 23 at the luteal phase (LP). The following results were obtained. (1)The waveforms of Group Mean VEPs of both groups had approximately similar triphasic contours, consisting of 16 components of P 1-N 8 up to 500 msec of latency. (2)Latencies tended to be longer in LP. (3)Interpeak amplitudes tended to be larger in LP, and one VEP interpeak amplitude (P 5-N 7) of long latency component was significantly larger at LP after eliminating the effect of body height by ANCOVA for 2 CH. (4)Quantitative analysis of EEGs between FP and LP resulted in a tendency for increased α, and decreased β power % at LP. Since estrogen increases the VEP amplitude, and decreases the VEP latency and the α activity of EEGs, the large VEP amplitude, the tendency for prolonged VEP latency, and the tendency for increased α power % at LP observed in this study indicate that the VEP amplitude at LP reflects the effect of estrogen, and that the VEP latency and EEGs at LP reflect the effect of progesterone

健常男性成人と健常女性成人における大脳誘発電位の相違

Sex differences in SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential) and EEG were studied with 90 healthy adult males (mean age=25.3±3.1 y.o.) and 96 adult females (mean age=21.6±2.7 y. o.). SEPs evoked by median nerve stimuli were recorded with 1000 msec of analysis time through the two derivations (bipolar: C3’→F3’ and monopolar : C3’→A1+2). The differences between the two group mean SEPs of each sex were studied. The differences in latencies and interpeak amplitudes of individual SEPs between sexes were tested statistically. The following results were obtained. 1. In the waveform of group mean SEP, there were differencies between N 3 and P 6, with P 4 (bipolar), and P 5, N 5 (monopolar) for females but not for males. The latencies of most of components were shorter, and interpeak amplitudes were larger in females than in males. 2. In the individual SEP most of latencies were significantly shorter and interpeak amplitudes were significantly larger in females than in males. 3. The significant sex differences in latencies and amplitudes of SEP components were verified even after excluding the influences of age and stature, by analysis of covariance. 4. In EEG, θ, β 1 and β 2 power % were larger, and δ and α 2 power % were smaller in fem ales than in males. The sex differences in SEP verified in this study might be attributed to larger corpus callosum and less differentiated lateralities of the brain in females than in males, and the differences in sex hormon between the two sexes

Sex differences in Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) and EEG of healthy adults

Sex differences in AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential) and EEG were studied with 100 healthy adult males (mean age=25.4± 3.1 y. o.) and 100 adult females (mean age=21.6± 2.6 y. o.). AEPs evoked by binaural clicks were recorded with 1024 msec of analysis time through the two derivations (3CH : Cz→A1+2 and 6CH : Cz→T5). The differences between the two group mean AEPs of each sex were studied. The differences in latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes of individual AEPs between sexes were tested statistically. The following results were obtained. 1 The waveform of group mean AEPs of each sex had hexaphasic contour, consisted of components P1~N8, including the prominent negative peak N4 and positive peak P5, within 600 msec of latency. 2 The contours of group mean AEP were similar in both sexes, but the latencies of the components were shorter, and peak-to-peak amplitudes were larger in females than in males. 3 Most of latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes were significantly shorter in females than in males by t-test. 4 The significant sex differences of latencies and amplitudes of AEP components, including the most prominent component P5, were verified even after excluding the influence of stature and body weight, by analysis of covariance. 5 Quantitative analysis of EEG between sexes resulted in larger band amplitude in males and significantly larger θ and β1 power % and smaller α2 power % in females. The sex differences in AEP verified in this study were attributed to the less differentiated lateralities of the brain in females, than in males

The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the human SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential) and EEG

The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the central nervous system were studied by somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), with 8 schizophrenic patients (31~47 y. o.), during the 'kleine Insulinbehandlung'. In each of three experimental session on different days, human regular insulin was injected subcutaneously to the patients, whose consciousness level was lowered to the stage of somnolence, and recovered by intake of a glucose solution (100 g). EEG containig SEPs evoked by electric simuli was derived from the two derivations (1 st ch: C3'→A1+2, 4 th ch: C3'→F3'). In the experimental session, EEG containing SEPs was recorded before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min after the injection of insulin, and 20 min after intake of glucose. Consecutive changes of group mean SEP were studied. Individual SEPs were subjected to the component analysis, and to the statistical assessment together with EEG power%. As a result, the middle and long latency components of SEP significantly prolonged in latency and significantly decreased in amplitude 60 min after the injection of insulin. On the other hand, the short latency components of SEP significantly prolonged in latency 100~120 min after the injection of insulin. These results suggested that the activity of cerebral cortex was inhibited, but subcortex was not affected to hypoglycemia in the early stage. In the results of the present study with SEP, the noradrenergic activities in the early stage of hypoglycemia, observed with AEP previously reported, were not confirmed