Determination of volatile compounds of the first rose oil and the first rose water by HS-SPME/GC/MS techniques

Background: Rose water and rose oil are used in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The determination of volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water obtained from oil-bearing rose is highly important in terms of availability in the industry and in human health.Materials and Methods: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were determined in the first rose oil and in the first rose water. Thus, in this study, volatile compounds in the first rose oil and first rose water have been determined by HS-SPME/GC/MS (Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) techniques which were not published previously for determining volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water.Results: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were found in the first rose oil and in the first rose water, respectively. It was further discovered that both first rose oil and first rose water are rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with a third group of volatile compounds known as aliphatic hydrocarbons being found only in first rose oil. Citronellol contents of the first rose oil and rose water were found to be 43.40% and 40.13% respectively, whereas geraniol contents were 11.81% and 15.97%, respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that HS-SPME/GC/MS is a suitable technique for the determination of volatile compounds of rose oil and rose water.Keywords: Oil-bearing rose, Rosa damascena, HS-SPME/GC/MS, volatile compounds

Generalized symmetric rings

In this paper, we introduce a class of rings which is a generalization of symmetric rings. Let R be a ring with identity. A ring R is called central symmetric if for any a, b,c∈R, abc=0 implies bac belongs to the center of R. Since every symmetric ring is central symmetric, we study sufficient conditions for central symmetric rings to be symmetric. We prove that some results of symmetric rings can be extended to central symmetric rings for this general settings. We show that every central reduced ring is central symmetric, every central symmetric ring is central reversible, central semmicommutative, 2-primal, abelian and so directly finite. It is proven that the polynomial ring R[x] is central symmetric if and only if the Laurent polynomial ring R[x,x−1] is central symmetric. Among others, it is shown that for a right principally projective ring R, R is central symmetric if and only if R[x]/(xn) is central Armendariz, where n≥2 is a natural number and (xn) is the ideal generated by x

Reflexive Memory Authenticator: A Proposal for Effortless Renewable Biometrics

International audienceToday’s biometric authentication systems are still struggling with replay attacks and irrevocable stolen credentials. This paper introduces a biometric protocol that addresses such vulnerabilities. The approach prevents identity theft by being based on memory creation biometrics. It takes inspiration from two different authentication methods, eye biometrics and challenge systems, as well as a novel biometric feature: the pupil memory effect. The approach can be adjusted for arbitrary levels of security, and credentials can be revoked at any point with no loss to the user. The paper includes an analysis of its security and performance, and shows how it could be deployed and improved