Sucesso e segurança da indução de escarro em pacientes com exacerbações graves de asma

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Clínica Médica

Personal Starting Page

Tato práce řeší návrh a realizaci webové aplikace s názvem Osobní startovací stránka. Aplikace umožňuje vytvoření domovské stránky s odkazy a RSS zdroji řazenými do kategorií. Práce klade důraz na responzivní design, přístupnost a ovladatelnost pomocí mobilních telefonů, tabletů a počítačů. Systém je postaven na PHP 5 s použitím Nette frameworku, knihovny jQuery a Bootstrap frameworku. Výsledkem práce je funkční webová aplikace dostupná široké veřejnosti na adrese www.jdinaweb.cz .This thesis is about design and implementation of a web application called Personal Starting Page. The application allows users to create a homepage with links and RSS resources that are systematically classified into categories. The thesis also focuses on responsive design, accessibility and manageability through mobile phones, tablets and computers. The application uses technologies such as PHP 5, Nette framework, jQuery and Bootstrap framework. The result of this thesis is a fully functional web application that is available on the www.jdinaweb.cz website.

Annotation of NetFlow Data from Perspective of Network Security

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem a implementací aplikace pro offline anotaci NetFlow datové sady z pohledu síťové bezpečnosti. V práci je podrobně popsána architektura NetFlow spolu se způsoby detekce bezpečnostních událostí v zachycených datech. Návrh aplikace je vytvořen na základě analýzy manuální anotace a podpořen několika UML diagramy. Vytvořená aplikace využívá systém Nemea pro detekci bezpečnostních událostí a systém Warden jako zdroj informací o nahlášených událostech na síti. Webová aplikace je postavena na PHP 5 s využitím Nette frameworku, knihovny jQuery a Bootstrap frameworku. Sdružení CESNET poskytlo NetFlow data pro testování aplikace. Pomocí vytvořené aplikace je možné analyzovat a následně anotovat zachycené NetFlow záznamy a vytvořenou datovou sadu využít například pro ověření, zda detekční nástroje pracují správně.This thesis describes design and implementation of application for offline NetFlow data annotation from perspective of network security. In this thesis is explained the NetFlow architecture in detail along with methods for security incidents detection in the captured data. The application design is based on analysis of manual annotation and supported by several UML diagrams. The Nemea system is used for detecting security events and Warden system as a source of information about reported security incidents on the network. The application uses technologies such as PHP 5, Nette framework, jQuery library and Bootstrap framework. The CESNET association provided NetFlow data for testing the application. The result of this thesis could be used for analysis and annotation of NetFlow data. Resulting data set could be used to verify proper functionality of detection tools.

Effective brilliance amplification in neutron propagation-based phase contrast imaging

Propagation-based neutron phase-contrast tomography was demonstrated on an insect sample, using the ISIS pulsed spallation source. In our proof-of-concept low-fluence experiment the tomogram with Paganin-type phase-retrieval filter applied exhibited an effective net boost of $23\pm 1$ in the signal-to-noise ratio as compared to an attenuation-based tomogram, implying an effective boost in neutron brilliance of well over two orders of magnitude. The phase-retrieval filter applies to monochromatic as well as poly-energetic neutron beams. Expressions are provided for the optimal phase-contrast geometry as well as conditions for the validity of the method. The underpinning theory is derived under the assumption of the sample being composed of a single material, but this can be generalized. The effective boost in brilliance may be employed to give reduced acquisition time, or may instead be used to keep exposure times fixed while improving contrast and spatial resolution

Evaluation of a method for time-of-flight, wavelength and distance calibration for neutron scattering instruments by means of a mini-chopper and standard neutron monitors

Accurate conversion of neutron time-of-flight (TOF) to wavelength, and its uncertainty, is of fundamental importance to neutron scattering measurements. Especially in cases where instruments are highly configurable, the determination of the absolute wavelength after any change must always be performed. Inspired by the manner with which neutron spectrometers determine the absolute wavelength, we evaluate for the first time, in the author's knowledge, a commonly used method for converting TOF to neutron wavelength, the distance of a monitor from the source of neutrons and we analytically calculate the uncertainty contributions that limit the precision of the conversion. The method was evaluated at the V20 test beamline at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB), emulating the ESS source with a pulse of 2.86 ms length and 14 Hz repetition rate, by using a mini-chopper operated at 140 Hz, beam monitors (BMs) and data acquisition infrastructure. The mini-chopper created well-defined neutron pulses and the BM was placed at two positions, enabling the average wavelength of each of the pulses created to be determined. The used experimental setup resulted in absolute wavelength determination at the monitor positions with a $\delta \lambda_{mean} / \lambda_{mean}$ of $\sim$1.8% for $\lambda >4$ \r{A}. With a modest increase of the distance between the reference monitor positions a $\delta \lambda_{mean} / \lambda_{mean}$ of below 0.5% can be achieved. Further improvements are possible by using a thinner monitor, smaller chopper disc openings and a higher rotational speed chopper. The method requires only two neutron measurements and doesn't necessitate the use of crystals or complex fitting, and could constitute a suitable addition to imaging, diffraction, reflectometers and small angle neutron scattering instruments, at spallation sources, that do not normally utilise fast choppers

First evaluation of a novel ionisation chamber for thermal neutron beam monitoring

The European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden is a facility established to deliver the highest integrated neutron flux originating from a pulsed source with the aim of supporting an initial fifteen neutron instruments for cutting edge science experiments. This in turn requires reliable monitoring at complex neutron beam lines: in particular, linearity, timing capability, adaptability of the design for various flux ranges (dynamic range) and sensitivity to neutrons within the range of 0.6-10Å are expected from the neutron beam monitors to be installed at the ESS beam lines. Additionally, operational stability and low attenuation are also desirable characteristics for such neutron beam monitoring. A prototype neutron beam monitor based on the ionisation chamber principle and a boron converter, designed by CDT CASCADE Detector Technologies GmbH and ESS, has been investigated at the BER-II research reactor of Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB). The effort to design and investigate a thermal neutron ionisation beam monitor was initiated by adapting the concept of ionisation chambers previously known elsewhere. So far all the characterised neutron beam monitors discriminate neutron hits on a discrete event basis (pulse mode), whereas the beam monitor prototype introduced in this paper estimates the total flux as a function of current (current mode). While most other neutron beam monitoring devices and detectors rely upon a signal amplifying gain stage, the ionisation chamber operates without any gain and is consequently robust against typical detector ageing effects that compromise the sensitivity over time. The initial tests were performed at the ESS V20 test beam line under realistic conditions resembling those of the future pulses of ESS. The linearity is demonstrated for 3Å pulses in the flux range of 2-3 × 105 n/s/cm2 and for white pulses (0.6-10Å) in the range of 1-5 × 106 n/s/cm2. The timing behaviour resembles the data previously recorded at the V20 beam lines. This novel implementation of a neutron sensitive ionisation chamber shows great promise for beam monitoring and diagnostics at ESS. As the ionisation beam monitor itself is an entirely passive device, it is adequately robust to be employed in areas of high irradiation where no regular servicing or maintenance can be provided

Vanadium based neutron beam monitor

A prototype quasiparasitic thermal neutron beam monitor based on isotropic neutron scattering from a thin natural vanadium foil and standard 3He proportional counters is conceptualized, designed, simulated, calibrated, and commissioned. The European Spallation Source designed to deliver the highest integrated neutron flux originating from a pulsed source is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. The effort to investigate a vanadium based neutron beam monitor was triggered by a list of requirements for beam monitors permanently placed in the ESS neutron beams in order to provide reliable monitoring at complex beamlines low attenuation, linear response over a wide range of neutron fluxes, near to constant efficiency for neutron wavelengths in a range of 0.6 10 , calibration stability and the possibility to place the system in vacuum are all desirable characteristics. The scattering based prototype, employing a natural vanadium foil andstandard 3He proportional counters, was investigated at the V17 and V20 neutron beamlines of the Helmholtz Zentrum in Berlin, Germany, in several different geometrical configurations of the 3He proportional counters around the foil. Response linearity is successfully demonstrated for foil thicknesses ranging from 0.04 mm to 3.15 mm. Attenuation lower than 1 for thermal neutrons is demonstrated for the 0.04 mm and 0.125 mm foils. The geometries used for the experiment were simulated allowing for absolute flux calibration and establishing the possible range of efficiencies for various designs of the prototype. The operational flux limits for the beam monitor prototype were established as a dependency of the background radiation and prototype geometry. The herein demonstrated prototype monitors can be employed for neutron intensities ranging from 103 1010 n s