Prospect of emission reduction standard for sustainable port equipment electrification

Despite efficient carbon monitoring system and the commercialization of battery technology for intra-port transportation, port management are found not deploying environmental equipmentsmainly due to high cost. Port authority who regulates environmental policies lacks leverage to impose tangible reduction standards on emission through concession. This model integrates sustainability into port equipment expansion theory by quantifying viable equipment electrification profile while still observing threeconstraints of operation, cost and environment. A benchmark emission reduction standard (ERS) is surveyed by Delphi method as environmental demand indicator thatsimulates for the electrification of port equipments. The results from Port of Tanjung Pelepas case study suggest an ERS implemented lower than 4% reduction a year is viable to retrofit and replace all electric rubber-tired gantries and prime movers. The simulation model allows informed decision for all port agents to establish viable environmental policies for sustainable port operations

Safety and environmental risk and reliability modeling process for sustainable inland water transportation

The vast resources of the world’s oceans need to be fully utilized to benefit human activities in a sustainable manner. The maritime industry has made use of the ocean in a very responsible way, but inland water resources have been much more underutilized and under- maintained, especially for transportation. In an age so dire to find ways to mitigate the challenge of climate change and its associated impacts, recent research has indicated that inland water transportation represents the cleanest mode of transportation. This indicates the potential for an increase in usage of inland waterways for transportation. The use of inland water transportation is forecast to rise because of the potential for short sea shipping, expanding deep-sea operations, and alternative mitigation options for climate change. Coastal water transportation is associated with low probability, high consequence accidents, which makes reliability requirements for the design and operation for safety and environmental protection very necessary. Collision represents the largest percentage of accident risk scenarios among water transportation risk factors. This paper discusses recent work in risk and reliabilitybased design, and safe and efficient vessel operation in coastal waters. This includes systems based approach that covers proactive risk as well as holistic, multiple-criteria assessment of waterways variables required to develop mitigation options and decision support for preventive, protective and control measures for various collision accident scenarios within inland waterways

Study of packing density and temperature on the oil sorption capacity of packed local kapok fiber as bio-oil spill absorbent

Oil spills are global concern due to the environmental impact and consequence of release of affluence. Various commercial products have been development and create to control spills, including the use of fibers as sorbents. This study investigates the use bio-based material of kapok fiber as sorbent materials for oil spills absorption. The study characterized the chemical and morphological properties of kapok fiber, experiment conducted involved FTIR and SEM analysis. Sorption tests with oil were conducted in deonized water thickness of oil and water. Oil sorption capacity by kapok fiber was strongly influenced by packing densities and temperatures. As packing densities and temperatures increased, oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber was reduced proportionally. Kapok shows excellent buoyancy and very high hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacity. The research has shown that kapok fiber can be adapted for sorbent materials for oil spills

Review on potential for waste recycled based bioenergy for marine system

Human status today can best be defined as an age of knowledge, efficiency and sustainable developments towards fulfilling significant part of human existence in this beautiful planet we all share. Previous time in human history has been dominated with various experimentation, knowledge acquisition which has resulted to new discovery and new philosophy of doing things in efficient, sensitive, cooperative and above all sustainable manner (maintaining quarto bottom balance, i.e. economic, technical, environmental and social, between man technosphere and environsphere world in order to sustain continuous healthy existence of our planet and the right of future generation). New knowledge and technology have emerged, since there is no drain in this planet, the greatest challenge for humanity lies in recycling our waste to the lowest level of usage. This paper will discuss the need to choose waste derived biofuel above all other food sources. This paper also discusses risk and abatement required for choice of best practice sustainable bioenergy generation for marine system

Techno economic study of potential using solar energy as a supporting power supply for diesel engine for landing craft

Increasing price of oil and the concern of maintaining clean environme nt have become the main reasons for a shipping company to focus on the vessel fuel consumption. Fuel economy has become a major concern due to the increasing of oil price. The availability of fossil fuels is lim ited and depleting day by day as the consumption is increasing very rapidly. Environmental impact by diesel exhaust is also taken into consideration as diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of thousands of gases and fine particles ( commonly known as soot) that contains more than 40 toxic air contaminants. These include many known or suspecte d cancer-causing substances, such as benzene, arsenic and formaldehyde. As for these matters, renewable energy is said to have potential in replacing fossil fuels in providing energy and is more environmental friendly. Solar energy represents one of the best practice available alternative energy to mitigate this challe nge. Solar energy can assist in supporting auxiliary power for the instrument on board vessel such as landing craft. This study will determine the potential of using solar PV system onboard a landing craft by analyzing the reduction usage of fuel and diesel exhaust as well as carrying out economical analysis. The power requirement for the vessel was calculated. Fuel and money saved by using solar panels were obtained and comparison between data of using diesel alone and using solar panels as supporting power supply were analyzed. Economical analysis were obtained by determining data of cost estimation, cash flow diagram, Annual Average Cost (ACC), and return investment of both vessel with the support of solar PV system and without solar PV system

Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)’s multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units in 22 hospitals of 14 cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Approach (IMA) and use of INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in Saudi Arabia from September 2013 to February 2017. A multicenter, prospective, before–after surveillance study on 14,961 patients in 37 intensive care units (ICUs) of 22 hospitals. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of VAP applying the definitions of the CDC/NHSN. During intervention, we implemented the IMA and the ISOS, which included: (1) a bundle of infection prevention practice interventions, (2) education, (3) outcome surveillance, (4) process surveillance, (5) feedback on VAP rates and consequences and (6) performance feedback of process surveillance. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed models to estimate the effect of intervention. The baseline rate of 7.84 VAPs per 1000 mechanical-ventilator (MV)-days―with 20,927 MV-days and 164 VAPs―, was reduced to 4.74 VAPs per 1000 MV-days―with 118,929 MV-days and 771 VAPs―, accounting for a 39% rate reduction (IDR 0.61; 95% CI 0.5–0.7; P 0.001). Implementing the IMA was associated with significant reductions in VAP rates in ICUs of Saudi Arabia