133 research outputs found
Cooling Fermions in an Optical Lattice by Adiabatic Demagnetization
The Fermi-Hubbard model describes ultracold fermions in an optical lattice
and exhibits antiferromagnetic long-ranged order below the N\'{e}el
temperature. However, reaching this temperature in the lab has remained an
elusive goal. In other atomic systems, such as trapped ions, low temperatures
have been successfully obtained by adiabatic demagnetization, in which a strong
effective magnetic field is applied to a spin-polarized system, and the
magnetic field is adiabatically reduced to zero. Unfortunately, applying this
approach to the Fermi-Hubbard model encounters a fundamental obstacle: the
symmetry introduces many level crossings that prevent the system from
reaching the ground state, even in principle. However, by breaking the
symmetry with a spin-dependent tunneling, we show that adiabatic
demagnetization can achieve low temperature states. Using density matrix
renormalization group (DMRG) calculations in one dimension, we numerically find
that demagnetization protocols successfully reach low temperature states of a
spin-anisotropic Hubbard model, and we discuss how to optimize this protocol
for experimental viability. By subsequently ramping spin-dependent tunnelings
to spin-independent tunnelings, we expect that our protocol can be employed to
produce low-temperature states of the Fermi-Hubbard Model.Comment: References adde
Bosonic molecules in a lattice: unusual fluid phase from multichannel interactions
We show that multichannel interactions significantly alter the phase diagram
of ultracold bosonic molecules in an optical lattice. Most prominently, an
unusual fluid region intervenes between the conventional superfluid and the
Mott insulator. In it, number fluctuations remain but phase coherence is
suppressed by a significant factor. This factor can be made arbitrarily large,
at least in a two-site configuration. We calculate the phase diagram using
complementary methods, including Gutzwiller mean-field and density matrix
renormalization group (DMRG) calculations. Although we focus on bosonic
molecules without dipolar interactions, we expect multichannel interactions to
remain important for dipolar interacting and fermionic molecules.Comment: 6 pages incl. refs, 4 figure
Ultracold nonreactive molecules in an optical lattice: connecting chemistry to many-body physics
We derive effective lattice models for ultracold bosonic or fermionic
nonreactive molecules (NRMs) in an optical lattice, analogous to the Hubbard
model that describes ultracold atoms in a lattice. In stark contrast to the
Hubbard model, which is commonly assumed to accurately describe NRMs, we find
that the single on-site interaction parameter is replaced by a
multi-channel interaction, whose properties we elucidate. The complex,
multi-channel collisional physics is unrelated to dipolar interactions, and so
occurs even in the absence of an electric field or for homonuclear molecules.
We find a crossover between coherent few-channel models and fully incoherent
single-channel models as the lattice depth is increased. We show that the
effective model parameters can be determined in lattice modulation experiments,
which consequently measure molecular collision dynamics with a vastly sharper
energy resolution than experiments in an ultracold gas.Comment: 4 pages+refs, 3 figures; 2.5 pages+1 figure Supplemental Materia
Synthetic gauge fields stabilize a chiral spin liquid phase
We calculate the phase diagram of the SU() Hubbard model describing
fermionic alkaline earth atoms in a square optical lattice with on-average one
atom per site, using a slave-rotor mean-field approximation. We find that the
chiral spin liquid predicted for and large interactions passes through
a fractionalized state with a spinon Fermi surface as interactions are
decreased before transitioning to a weakly interacting metal. We also show that
by adding an artificial uniform magnetic field with flux per plaquette
, the chiral spin liquid becomes the ground state for all at
large interactions, persists to weaker interactions, and its spin gap
increases, suggesting that the spin liquid physics will persist to higher
temperatures. We discuss potential methods to realize the artificial gauge
fields and detect the predicted phases
Microscopic derivation of multi-channel Hubbard models for ultracold nonreactive molecules in an optical lattice
Recent experimental advances in the cooling and manipulation of bialkali
dimer molecules have enabled the production of gases of ultracold molecules
that are not chemically reactive. It has been presumed in the literature that
in the absence of an electric field the low-energy scattering of such
nonreactive molecules (NRMs) will be similar to atoms, in which a single
-wave scattering length governs the collisional physics. However, in Ref.
[1], it was argued that the short-range collisional physics of NRMs is much
more complex than for atoms, and that this leads to a many-body description in
terms of a multi-channel Hubbard model. In this work, we show that this
multi-channel Hubbard model description of NRMs in an optical lattice is robust
against the approximations employed in Ref. [1] to estimate its parameters. We
do so via an exact, albeit formal, derivation of a multi-channel resonance
model for two NRMs from an ab initio description of the molecules in terms of
their constituent atoms. We discuss the regularization of this two-body
multi-channel resonance model in the presence of a harmonic trap, and how its
solutions form the basis for the many-body model of Ref. [1]. We also
generalize the derivation of the effective lattice model to include multiple
internal states (e.g., rotational or hyperfine). We end with an outlook to
future research.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Health Savings Account - Eligible High Deductible Health Plans: Updating the Definition of Prevention
High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are an important and growing part of the health insurance landscape. By some estimates, as many as 80 percent of large employers may offer an HDHP in 2014. In 2013, more than 15 million Americans received health coverage through an HDHP, a more than a threefold increase since 2007.As outlined by the U.S. Treasury Department, individuals with an HSA-eligible HDHP are required to pay the full cost of most medications and services -- in theory utilizing pre-tax HSA funds -- until deductibles are met. However, the 2003 authorizing legislation and further guidance include a safe harbor allowing plans to cover primary preventive services, those typically deemed to prevent the onset of disease, before the deductible is satisfied.Services or benefits meant to treat "an existing illness, injury or condition," are excluded from first-dollar coverage in HSA-eligible HDHPs, which encompasses most secondary preventive services. For example, plans are prohibited from providing first dollar coverage of disease management services such as insulin, eye and foot exams, and glucose monitoring supplies for patients with diabetes.As chronic disease conditions currently make up 75 percent of total U.S. health spending, appropriate chronic disease management is an important tool to lower long-term health care costs. As the market for HDHPs grow, it is important that they maintain the flexibility to allow for effective health management of all beneficiaries. This report addresses the strict definition of prevention that an HDHP must follow for it to include a pre-tax health savings account (HSA), and how this restriction limits the effectiveness of current plans. A potential solution - allowing HSA-eligible HDHPs to provide first-dollar coverage for targeted, evidence-based, secondary preventive services that prevent chronic disease progression and related complications - can improve patient-centered outcomes, add efficiency to medical spending, and enhance HDHP attractiveness.A multi-disciplinary research team from the University of Michigan's Center for Value-Based Insurance Design, Harvard Medical School, and the University of Minnesota conducted a multi-part project to investigate the impact of updatingthe definition of prevention for HDHPs to include selected secondary preventive services that are frequently used as health plan quality metrics and included as elements of pay-for-performance programs. Specifically, the project aimed to: 1) determine the premium effect, actuarial value, and estimated market uptake of the novel HDHP plan that covers these evidence-based services outside the deductible, and 2) explore through interviews whether insurance industry experts found coverage of secondary preventive services a worthwhile endeavor
High temperature thermodynamics of fermionic alkaline earth atoms in optical lattices
We calculate experimentally relevant properties of trapped fermionic alkaline
earth atoms in an optical lattice, modeled by the SU(N) Hubbard model. Our
calculation is accurate when the temperature is much larger than the tunneling
rate, similar to current regimes in ultracold atom experiments. In addition to
exploring the Mott insulator-metal crossover, we calculate final temperatures
achieved by the standard experimental protocol of adiabatically ramping from a
non-interacting gas, as a function of initial gas temperature and final state
lattice parameters. Of particular experimental interest, we find that
increasing gives substantially \textit{colder} Mott insulators, up to more
than a factor of five for relevant parameters. This cooling happens for all
, fixing the initial entropy, or for all N \lsim 20 (the exact value
depends on dimensionality), fixing the initial temperature.Comment: 4+ pages main text, 2 figures. 3 pages supplementary information, 2
figures. v2: added citatio
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