The Effect of Squid Extract (Loligo SP) on TNF-α and TGF-β1 Serum Levels During Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose known as hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is due to impaired insulin action in the metabolism of glucose and can result in impaired wound healing. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils, and decreased levels of transforming growth factor - beta 1 (TGF-β1) serum can be characteristic of impaired wound healing. This study aims to determine the effects of squid extract on certain wound parameters such as levels of tumour necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α), and TGF-β1 serum and the number of macrophages and neutrophils. Methods: This was a post-test only, randomized controlled group study that was conducted on male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were divided into 6 groups; (1) normal wound with standard diet, (2) diabetic wound with standard diet, (3) diabetic wound with chitosan supplement, (4) diabetic wound given squid extract orally once a day, (5) diabetic wound given squid extract orally twice a day, and (6) diabetic wound given squid extract orally once every two days. Levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 serum were observed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Haematocylin and eosin staining was used to observed macrophage and neutrophil counts. All data was analysed statistically by one-way analysis of variance. Results: TNF-α serum levels showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in subjects that received squid extract orally once every two days. The mean levels of TGF-β1 showed no significant differences. The mean number of macrophage cells showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. The mean number of neutrophil cells also showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. Conclusions: Squid extract is effective in lowering the TNF-α serum levels and the number of macrophages and neutrophils cells in Wistar rats. However, there were insignificant findings on increasing levels of TGF-β1 serum. This data suggests that squid extract is most effective during the inflammatory phase of wound healing which takes places about 2-4 days after wound creation

Studi Komparatif Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Ditinjau dari Jalur Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Tahun 2011

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi yang diterima melalui jalur SNMPTN Undangan tahun 2011, (2) Prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi yang diterima melalui jalur SNMPTN Tulis tahun 2011, (3) Perstasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi yang diterima melalui Jalur Mandiri tahun 2011, dan (4) Perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi ditinjau dari jalur penerimaan mahasiswa baru tahun 2011. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) prestasi belajar mahasiswa yang diterima melalui Jalur SNMPTN Undangan mengalami peningkatan, (2) prestasi belajar mahasiswa diterima melalui Jalur SNMPTN Tulis mengalami peningkatan, (3) prestasi belajar mahasiswa diterima jalur Mandiri mengalami peningkatan, dan (4) ada perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha ditinjau dari Jalur Penerimaan SNMPTN Undangan dengan perolehan Mean sebesar 2,8895, Jalur SNMPTN Tulis dengan Mean 2,9800, dan Jalur mandiri dengan perolehan Mean 2,8268 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,001%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) prestasi belajar mahasiswa yang diterima melalui Jalur SNMPTN Undangan mengalami peningkatan, (2) prestasi belajar mahasiswa diterima melalui Jalur SNMPTN Tulis mengalami peningkatan, (3) prestasi belajar mahasiswa diterima jalur Mandiri mengalami peningkatan, dan (4) ada perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha ditinjau dari Jalur Penerimaan SNMPTN Undangan dengan perolehan Mean sebesar 2,8895, Jalur SNMPTN Tulis dengan Mean 2,9800, dan Jalur mandiri dengan perolehan Mean 2,8268 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,001%. Kata Kunci : Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar, Jalur Penerimaan Mahasiswa This study aims to determine (1) The learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education received through SNMPTN Invitation in 2011, (2) The learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education received through SNMPTN Write the year 2011, (3) perstasi learning students from the Department of Economic Education received through path Mandiri in 2011, and (4) the difference in learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education in terms of the path of new admissions in 2011. the study was a comparative descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Kata Kunci : Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar, Jalur Penerimaan Mahasiswa This study aims to determine (1) The learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education received through SNMPTN Invitation in 2011, (2) The learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education received through SNMPTN Write the year 2011, (3) perstasi learning students from the Department of Economic Education received through path Mandiri in 2011, and (4) the difference in learning achievement of students from the Department of Economic Education in terms of the path of new admissions in 2011. the study was a comparative descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The results showed that (1) the achievement of students accepted through path SNMPTN Invitation increased, (2) the achievement of students accepted through path SNMPTN Write increased, (3) the achievement of students accepted lane Mandiri increased, and (4) there differences in student achievement Undiksha Economic Education Department in terms of Line SNMPTN Reception Invitation with the acquisition amounted to 2.8895 Mean, Mean Line SNMPTN Write to 2.9800, and self Strip with the acquisition of Mean 2.8268 with a significance level of 0.001%. The results showed that (1) the achievement of students accepted through path SNMPTN Invitation increased, (2) the achievement of students accepted through path SNMPTN Write increased, (3) the achievement of students accepted lane Mandiri increased, and (4) there differences in student achievement Undiksha Economic Education Department in terms of Line SNMPTN Reception Invitation with the acquisition amounted to 2.8895 Mean, Mean Line SNMPTN Write to 2.9800, and self Strip with the acquisition of Mean 2.8268 with a significance level of 0.001%. keyword : Differences in Learning Achievement, track admissions keyword : Differences in Learning Achievement, track admission

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (Studi pada Usaha Kerajinan Ingka di Desa Bulian, Kec. Kubutambahan)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha dan faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan vaktorial. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin ingka di Desa Bulian, Kec.Kubutambahan dan obyek dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi sebanyak 32 pengrajin. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian diolah dengan teknik analisis faktor menggunakan program spss 16 for windows. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin ingka di Desa Bulian, Kec.Kubutambahan dan obyek dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi sebanyak 32 pengrajin. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian diolah dengan teknik analisis faktor menggunakan program spss 16 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha yakni, komitmen sebesar 73,522%, pengalaman sebesar 14,998%, keuangan sebesar 7,857%, lokasi usaha sebesar 2,336%, motivasi sebesar 0,909%, dan kemampuan usaha sebesar 0,376%. Dari keenam faktor tersebut yaitu faktor komitmen merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha yakni, komitmen sebesar 73,522%, pengalaman sebesar 14,998%, keuangan sebesar 7,857%, lokasi usaha sebesar 2,336%, motivasi sebesar 0,909%, dan kemampuan usaha sebesar 0,376%. Dari keenam faktor tersebut yaitu faktor komitmen merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha. Kata Kunci : keberhasilan usaha, pengrajin, usaha mikro dan kecil This study aims to determine the factors that influence the success of the business and the dominant factor affecting the success of the business. This research is a quantitative study with factorial approach. Kata Kunci : keberhasilan usaha, pengrajin, usaha mikro dan kecil This study aims to determine the factors that influence the success of the business and the dominant factor affecting the success of the business. This research is a quantitative study with factorial approach. The subject of this research is all in the village craftsman ingke Bulian, District Kubutambahan and objects in this study are the factors that influence the success of a business. This study used a population of about 32 craftsmen. Data were collected using questionnaires, then treated with the technique of factor analysis using SPSS 16 for windows. The subject of this research is all in the village craftsman ingke Bulian, District Kubutambahan and objects in this study are the factors that influence the success of a business. This study used a population of about 32 craftsmen. Data were collected using questionnaires, then treated with the technique of factor analysis using SPSS 16 for windows. The results showed that there are six factors that influence the success of the effort, the commitment of 73.522%, 14.998% of the experience, financial amounted to 7.857%, 2.336% of the business location, motivation of 0.909%, and business capacity of 0.376%. Of the six factors that commitment factor is the most dominant factor influencing business success. The results showed that there are six factors that influence the success of the effort, the commitment of 73.522%, 14.998% of the experience, financial amounted to 7.857%, 2.336% of the business location, motivation of 0.909%, and business capacity of 0.376%. Of the six factors that commitment factor is the most dominant factor influencing business success. keyword : business success, craftsmen, micro and small enterprises keyword : business success, craftsmen, micro and small enterprise

PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA RUMPUT LAUT MENJADI NATA DE SEAWEED

Abstrak: Program pengabdian ini dilaksanakan untuk memberikan alternatif solusi permasalahan yang sedang terjadi yakni rendahnya nilai jual rumput laut kering, sehingga alternatif solusi yang ditawarkan adalah mengelola rumput laut menjadi produk nata de seaweed yang bernilai ekonomis. Luaran yang ingin dicapai 1) meningkatnya motivasi masyarakat untuk lebih produktif dan kreatif dalam mengelola rumput laut, 2) mengetahui IPTEK pembuatan nata de seaweed, 3) terampil membuat nata de deaweed, 4) bertambahnya referensi peluang usaha bagi penduduk desa Tablolong. Mitra program ini adalah ibu-ibu warga setempat yang tergabung dalam kelompok Mina Usaha bersama dan Kelompok Dale Esa. Program ini berjalan lancar dan mendapat dukungan dari kepala desa setempat. Hasil yang diperoleh 1) pengabdian ini memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat dengan memperkenalkan teknologi pembuatan nata de seaweed sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam mengoptimalkan hasil budidaya daya rumput laut, 2) program ini memberikan keterampilan kepada kelompok mitra terkait cara dan langkah pembuatan nata de seaweed yang berpotensi sebagai industri rumah tangga, 3) masih perlu perhatian khusus dari berbagai pihak untuk peningkatan sumber daya manusia desa Tablolong dalam memaksimalkan potensi rumput laut. Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui kegiatan workshop yakni pemberian materi dan praktik membuat nata de seaweed oleh peserta kegiatan. Abstract: Tablolong village has the potential of seaweed cultivation with the majority of residents working as seaweed farmers. Seaweed is sold in the form of dried seaweed to the suppliers to be sent to the island of Java as the basic ingredient of cosmetics or food. The problem occurs when the price of dried seaweed has suffered deterioration so that it affects the economy of citizens. This Program of devotion is implemented to provide alternative solutions. External to be achieved 1) increased community motivation to be more productive and creative in managing seaweed, 2) Knowing the IPTEK manufacture nata de seaweed, 3) skilled to make Nata de deaweed, 4) Increased business opportunity reference for the villagers of Tablolong. The program's partners are the mothers of locals who belong to the group of Mina Enterprises together with the Dale Esa group. The Program went smoothly and got support from local village heads. Results obtained 1) This dedication positively impacts the community by introducing the technology to manufacture nata de seaweed as an alternative in optimizing the cultivation of seaweed, 2) This program provides skills to the group of partners related to the way and steps of making nata de seaweed which is potentially as a household industry, 3) still need special attention from various parties to increase the human resources of Tablolong village in maximizing the potential of seawee

Betutu Bali : Menuju Kuliner Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia

Etnis Bali yang beragama Hindu, telah memiliki sumber daya budaya berupa kuliner tradisional betutu dari bahan ayam dan bebek. Kuliner betutu dimasak dengan bumbu “jangkep” (lengkap). Kuliner ini pada awalnya difungsikan sebagai makanan persembahan terhadap Ida Hyang Widhi Wasa/Tuhan Hyang Maha Esa, dan hasil persembahannya disantap bersama-sama. Namun, perkembangan selanjutnya difungsikan sebagai hidangan kaum raja-raja dan keluarganya, dan kebutuhan sosial. Dalam menghadapi politik global dan pariwisata, maka Betutu difungsikan sebagai kebutuhan biologis anggota masyarakat secara umum, pariwisata dan diplomasi. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini (1) melestarikan kuliner Betutu Bali (2) mempopulerkan kuliner Betutu sebagai media identitas, toleransi (kerukunan, keharmonisan) antar umat beragama, etnis dan bangsa. Artikel ini menggunakan konsep kuliner, gastro diplomasi dan teori fungsional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kuliner Betutu dapat diterima oleh semua kalangan dengan terbukti dapat ditemukan atau disajikan di hotel-hotel berbintang, restauran, dijual di warung-warung makanan dengan omset yang selalu meningkat.Hindus Balinese ethnic has cultural resources in the form of betutu, a traditional culinary from chicken and duck. Betutu is cooked with "jangkep" (complete) spices. This food was originally functioned as a food offering to Ida Hyang Widhi Wasa (Hyang the One God), and the results of her offerings were eaten together. However, further developments functioned as a dish for the kings and their families, and social needs. In the face of global politics and tourism, Betutu functioned as the biological needs of community members in general, tourism and diplomacy. The purpose of writing this are (1) preserving Betutu Bali culinary (2) popularizing Betutu culinary as a medium of identity, tolerance (harmony) between religious and ethnic groups. This article uses concepts such as culinary, gastro diplomacy and functional theory. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with sampling techniques like purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results of this study show that Betutu culinary can be accepted by all people, proven to be found or served in starred hotels, restaurants, sold in food stalls with an ever-increasing turnover

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Saham, Struktur Modal dan Profitabilitas pada Nilai Perusahaan

The purpose of this study to determine the effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, capital structure, and profitability on firm value. The data used in the form of external secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2012 period with observations made on 82 manufacturing companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with predetermined criteria. The data analysis technique used is the Linear Regression analysis using SPSS 17. Based on the results of Regression linear analysis showed that institutional ownership has a positive effect on firm value. When the higher institutional ownership, then external control will be the stronger on firm . The presence of institutional ownership will encourage more optimal control on the performance of the company in achieving corporate goals is to optimize the value of the company

Penerapan Teori Konseling Behavioral Dengan Teknik Self-management Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas XI C Ap Smk Negeri 1 Singaraja

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penerapan teori konseling behavioral dengan teknik self-management untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas XI C AP SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI C AP berjumlah 37 orang. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik self-management melalui Metode pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, observasi dan analisis data. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari identifikasi, diagnosa, prognosa, konseling, evaluasi dan tahap refleksi. Treatment diberikan sebanyak 3 kali pada siklus I dan siklus II. Jika siswa sudah melebihi kriteria keberhasilan 70%, maka telah tuntas pada siklus I dan tidak perlu mendapatkan treatment disiklus II. Peningkatakan dapat dilihat dari hasil kuesioner skor penyebaran awal yaitu sebesar 50,25% meningkat menjadi 74,77%. Rata-rata peningkatannya adalah 38,78%. Dari hasil tersebut, 4 orang siswa belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan 70% sehingga perlu untuk melanjutkan treatment ke siklus II. Pada siklus II siswa yang sudah mengalami peningkatan pada minat belajar diikut sertakan dalam siklus II yang bertujuan untuk menjaga dan mengembangkan minatnya dalam belajar. Pada siklus II pencapaian minat belajar siswa yaitu 74,77% menjadi 86,16 %. Rata-rata peningkatannya adalah 18,08% terhadap 8 orang siswa. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik self-management efektif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Kata Kunci : Teori Konseling Behavioral, Self-management, Minat Belajar This study aimed at knowing the effectiveness of behavioral counseling theory through self-management to improve learning interest of students in class XI C AP SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja. The subjects of this study were 37 students of XI C AP. Technique implemented was self-management technique through data collection method in the form of questionnaire, observation and data analysis. This study have been conducted in two cycles; each cycle contains of diagnose, prognose, counseling, evaluation, and reflection. Treatments were given three times on cycle I and Cycle II. When the students achieving the success criteria of 70%, they complete the cycle I and do not need to get treatments in cycle II. The improvement can be seen through the results of questionnaires' score in the initial distribution from 50.25% improve to 74.77%. The improvement's average is 38.78%. From those results, 4 students do not meet the completeness criteria of 70%, so that it was needed to continue the treatments to cycle II. At the cycle II, the students whose learning interests are improved were joined at cycle II. The purpose is to keep and foster their interest in studying. At the cycle II, the achievement of students' learning interest improved from 74.77% to 86.16%. The improvement's average is 18.08% toward 8 students. These findings show that the implementation of self-management technique is effective to improve students' learning interest.keyword : counseling theory behavioral, self-management, learning interse

Pengaruh Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Berbantuan Media Visual Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Dan Hasil Belajar IPA Pada Siswa Kelas IV Gugus II Kecamatan Abang Kabupaten Karangasem

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh model pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media visual terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar IPA siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan The Posttest-Only Control-Group Disaign.. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD di Gugus II Kecamatan Abang, Kabupaten Karangasem tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Berdasarkan dari karakteristik populasi dan tidak bisa dilakukan pengacakan individu, maka pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan teknik random sampling terhadap kelas-kelas yang ada. Data motivasi berprestasi siswa dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan hasil belajar IPA menggunakan tes pilihan ganda. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan MANOVA (multivariat Analysis of Variance) berbantuan SPSS 17.00 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berikut: Pertama, terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan motivasi berprestasi antara siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media visual dan siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV SD di Gugus II Kecamatan Abang (F = 101,386;p < 0,05). Kedua, terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media visual dan siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV SD di Gugus II Kecamatan Abang ( F = 53,685; p < 0,05). Ketiga, Secara simultan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media visual dan siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV SD di Gugus II Kecamatan Abang(F = 77,887; p < 0,05). Kata Kunci : hasil belajar, motivasi berprestasi, dan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan media visual. This research aims to investigate the effect of contextual learning model assisted by visual media towards improvement of student\u27s achievement motivation and science learning result. This is a quasi-experimental research using Posttest-Only Control-Group Design. Population in this research was the entire fourth grade elementary school students in cluster II sub-district Abang, Karangasem Regency in the academic year 2013/2014. Samples were 45 students taken through random sampling technique. Achievement motivation data were collected using questionnaire and science learning result data were obtained using multiple choice test. Data were analyzed using MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) assisted by SPSS 17.00 for windows. Research results show that; First, there was a difference in achievement motivation between students who learned using contextual learning assisted by visual media with students who learned using conventional learning (F = 101.386, p < 0.05). Second, there was a difference in science learning result between students who learned using contextual learning assisted by visual media with students who learned using conventional learning model( F = 53.685, p < 0.05). Third, there was a simultaneou difference in achievement motivation and science learning result between students who learned using contextual learning assisted by visual media with students who leanerd using conventional learning model (F = 77.887 , p < 0.05).keyword : achievement motivation, contextual learning assisted by visual media, science learning resul