38 research outputs found
Contrasting Role of Octopamine in Appetitive and Aversive Learning in the Crab Chasmagnathus
BACKGROUND:Biogenic amines are implicated in reinforcing associative learning. Octopamine (OA) is considered the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline and several studies in insects converge on the idea that OA mediates the reward in appetitive conditioning. However, it is possible to assume that OA could have a different role in an aversive conditioning. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Here we pharmacologically studied the participation of OA in two learning processes in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus, one appetitive and one aversive. It is shown that the aversive memory is impaired by an OA injection applied immediately or 30 minutes after the last training trial. By contrast, the appetitive memory is blocked by OA antagonists epinastine and mianserine, but enhanced by OA when injected together with the supply of a minimum amount of reinforcement. Finally, double-learning experiments in which crabs are given the aversive and the appetitive learning either successively or simultaneously allow us to study the interaction between both types of learning and analyze the presumed action of OA. We found that the appetitive training offered immediately, but not one hour, after an aversive training has an amnesic effect on the aversive memory, mimicking the effect and the kinetic of an OA injection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Our results demonstrate that the role of OA is divergent in two memory processes of opposite signs: on the one hand it would mediate the reinforcement in appetitive learning, and on the other hand it has a deleterious effect over aversive memory consolidation
Interference Conditions of the Reconsolidation Process in Humans: The Role of Valence and Different Memory Systems
Following the presentation of a reminder, consolidated memories become reactivated followed by a process of re-stabilization, which is referred to as reconsolidation. The most common behavioral tool used to reveal this process is interference produced by new learning shortly after memory reactivation. Memory interference is defined as a decrease in memory retrieval, the effect is generated when new information impairs an acquired memory. In general, the target memory and the interference task used are the same. Here we investigated how different memory systems and/or their valence could produce memory reconsolidation interference. We showed that a reactivated neutral declarative memory could be interfered by new learning of a different neutral declarative memory. Then, we revealed that an aversive implicit memory could be interfered by the presentation of a reminder followed by a threatening social event. Finally, we showed that the reconsolidation of a neutral declarative memory is unaffected by the acquisition of an aversive implicit memory and conversely, this memory remains intact when the neutral declarative memory is used as interference. These results suggest that the interference of memory reconsolidation is effective when two task rely on the same memory system or both evoke negative valence.Fil: Fernández, Rodrigo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Bavassi, Mariana Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de FĂsica; ArgentinaFil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Forcato, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Social context shapes cognitive abilities: associative memories are modulated by fight outcome and social isolation in the crab Neohelice granulata
Cognitive abilities of an animal can be influenced by distinct social experiences. However, the extent of this modulation has not been addressed in different learning scenarios: are all tasks similarly affected by social experiences? In the present study, we analyzed the effect of social dominance in aversive and appetitive memory processes in the crab Neohelice granulata. In addition, we studied the influence of social isolation on memory ability. Social dominance experiments consisted of an agonistic phase immediately followed by a memory phase. During the agonistic phase, matched pairs of male crabs were staged in 10-min encounters and the dominant or subordinate condition of each member of the dyad was determined. During the memory phase, crabs were trained to acquire aversive or appetitive memory and tested 24 h later. Results showed that the agonistic encounter can modulate long-term memory according to the dominance condition in such a way that memory retention of subordinates results higher than their respective dominant. Remarkably, this result was found for both aversive and appetitive memory tasks. In addition, we found that isolated animals showed no memory retention when compared with animals that remained grouped. Altogether this work emphasizes the importance of social context as a modulator of cognitive abilities.Fil: Santos, MarĂa Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Merlo, Santiago Abel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Commentary: Forgetting the best when predicting the worst: preliminary observations on neural circuit function in adolescent social anxiety
A commentary on Forgetting the best when predicting the worst: preliminary observations on neural circuit function in adolescent social anxietyFil: Fernández, Rodrigo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Boccia, Mariano MartĂn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de FarmacologĂa. Cátedra de FarmacologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Learning new words: Memory reactivation as a mechanism for strengthening and updating a novel word´s meaning
In the present study we explored the post-learning changes in a novel word’s definition using a cue-induced memory reactivation. Native speakers of Spanish (N=373) learned low-frequency words with their corresponding definitions. The following day, reactivated groups were exposed to a reminder and provided a subjective assessment of reactivation for each word, while control groups did not receive a reactivation. Study A demonstrated that memory reactivation enhances both explicit recall and semantic integration of new meanings. Study B investigated the effect of memory reactivation in the modification of the new meanings, through three different experiments. Results show an improvement of the updated definitions according to each word´s reactivation strength. In addition, congruence with previous knowledge was suggested to be a boundary condition, while consolidation time had a positive modulatory effect. Our findings call attention to reactivation as a factor allowing for malleability as well as persistence of long-term memories for words.Fil: Laurino, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Forcato, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Instituto TecnolĂłgico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Coaker, Nicole. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Contrasting dynamics of memory consolidation for novel word forms and meanings revealed by behavioral and neurophysiological markers
Learning novel words is a challenging process for our memory systems; we must be able to recall new word forms and meanings in order to communicate. However, the dynamics of the word memory formation is still unclear. Here, we addressed the temporal profile of two key cognitive markers of memory consolidation in the domain of word learning: i) the susceptibility of recently learned novel words to memory interference; ii) their lexical integration using a semantic judgment task while recording the ERPs responses. Young adults acquired a set of novel picture-label-meaning associations. In a first experiment, we performed a temporal gradient of retroactive interference (5 min, 30 min, 4 h and 24 h) and evaluated the memory retention 48 h after learning. In a second experiment, we studied the dynamics of the integration of these novel words, by measuring their N400 modulation when preceded by semantically related words, at 30 min or 48 h after learning. Our results showed that the word-form memory was affected by the interference treatment when it was presented 5 min after learning, but not at later times. On the other hand, only 48 h after learning it was possible to observe a neurophysiological index of semantic-priming (reduced N400 response). These results point to the existence of two contrasting processes that help to build the memory for word forms and meanings. A rapid mechanism would enable word learning while mitigating forgetting, while a slow consolidation would allow the novel meanings to be integrated into previous semantic networks.Fil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Bavassi, Mariana Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Petroni, AgustĂn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de ComputaciĂłn; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Rodrigo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Laurino, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Degiorgi, SofĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Hochman, Eithan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Forcato, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Role of octopamine in memory processes and aggression in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus
La octopamina (OA) es una amina biogĂ©nica estructural y funcionalmente relacionada con la noradrenalina que posee un rol fisiolĂłgico restringido a los invertebrados. En la presente Tesis nos planteamos estudiar el rol de la OA sobre dos procesos comportamentales disĂmiles en el crangrejo Chasmagnathus granulatus: la memoria asociativa y la agresiĂłn. Inicialmente analizamos del rol de la OA en las diferentes etapas de una memoria de tipo aversiva, centrándonos en las fases de consolidaciĂłn y reconsolidaciĂłn. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la OA tiene un efecto amnĂ©sico temporalmente acotado sobre ambas fases. Luego, en base a trabajos realizados en insectos, analizamos la posibilidad de que la OA constituyera una mediadora de estĂmulos apetitivos, abriendo la perspectiva para desarrollar un nuevo paradigma de aprendizaje apetitivo. Comprobamos que efectivamente la OA estarĂa implicada en la señalizaciĂłn del estĂmulo apetitivo en el sistema nervioso. De este modo, una misma sustancia actuarĂa de modo contrapuesto en dos procesos de aprendizaje de significado opuesto para el animal. Asimismo, proponemos que este sistema tendrĂa un valor biolĂłgico en situaciones donde un individuo se enfrenta a diferentes tipos de aprendizajes. Paralelamente, realizamos una caracterizaciĂłn del comportamiento agresivo del cangrejo en condiciones de laboratorio, y analizamos su mudulaciĂłn por la OA. A partir de enfrentamientos entre pares de animales de igual tamaño, demostramos que la OA tiende a reducir la agresividad individual. Finalmente, analizamos la influencia de un enfrentamiento agonĂstico sobre la memoria aversiva, demostrando que los animales subordinados tienen una mayor capacidad amnĂ©sica que los dominantes. A partir de estos datos, planteamos la hipĂłtesis integradora de que la OA podrĂa ser un posible vĂnculo fisiolĂłgico entre al memoria y la agresiĂłn.Fil:Kaczer, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Pupil size tracks the effects of global context and semantic ambiguity on word-meaning processing
Processing word meaning often appears effortless, yet the language system
frequently encounters ambiguous input requiring appropriate context integration to
allow comprehension. Understanding the mechanisms that enable
context-to-meaning interaction poses a challenge for cognitive neuroscience. In our
study, we will focus on the issue of whether and how global semantic context can
influence the meaning processing of single words in Spanish. We present three
experiments (N=137) using behavioral and pupillometry measurements to discern
the contributions of context congruency and semantic ambiguity during
word-meaning processing. In our first set of experiments, we manipulated semantic
congruence between context and word meaning, introducing a global semantic
context that immediately preceded an ambiguous target word in a word-association
task. In a third experiment, we manipulated word ambiguity and semantic
congruence using a semantic judgment task. We found that global context increases
the preference for related meanings, as well as reducing processing time and the
associated pupil dilation, suggesting a reduction in cognitive load. Interestingly, the
global context effect on pupil size was greater for words with higher levels of
ambiguity. Our study highlights the cognitive system's flexibility in accessing word
meanings, tracking the neurocognitive resources that allow a more efficient word
comprehension. In addition, these findings underscore pupil dilation as a marker for
cognitive effort during word meaning processing
Animacy as a memory enhancer during novel word learning: evidence from orthographic and semantic memory tasks
It was previously shown that words representing living things are better remembered than those representing nonliving things. Here we address the influence of animacy on novel word memory formation in adults, dissecting its effect on semantic and orthographic learning. Participants received training on a set of new picture-name-description mappings corresponding to animate or inanimate items, simulating word learning in the first language. The integration of novel words was indexed in a semantic judgment task, performed at 30 min or 48 h after learning. Results show that novel word forms and meanings corresponding to animate items are better recalled than inanimate ones. In addition, animate items are processed faster than inanimate items in a semantic judgment task 30 min after learning, while the speed advantage is not evident in the long-term. Thus, animacy is a pervasive memory enhancer during novel word acquisition but its effects on lexical processing are short-lived.Fil: Laurino, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Kaczer, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin