Hydrazine Assisted Self Combustion Synthesis of CaAl2O4:Eu Phosphor And Its Mechanoluminescence Characterization.

Europium doped monoclinic CaAl2O4 phosphors were obtained at low temperatures (50

Performance of herbicides for managing weed flora in transplanted aman paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

A field investigation was performed during the rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal, India (22056'N and 86048'E, 9.75m above mean sea level) with the aim of determining the comparative effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling various kinds of weeds (grass, sedge and broad-leaf) in the transplanted aman paddy. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having sixteen treatments with three replication, that includes application of either pre-emergence [butachlor, pretilachlor, pyrazosulfuron ethyl and ready mix (RM) of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor at 2 days after transplanting (DAT)] or post-emergence [bispyribac sodium and bispyribac sodium + penoxsulum at 20 DAT] herbicides followed by hand weeding at 40 DAT; application of both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides; hand weeding at 20  and 40 DAT and weedy check. Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT registered significantly lower weed density, weed dry matter and the highest weed control efficiency. Among the herbicidal treatments, ready-mix formulation of bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% (Londax power 6.6%) performed better in controlling weeds of all categories and recorded higher paddy (3.96 t/ha)  and straw yield (4.92 t/ha ) with the maximum weed index which were statistically at par with the hand weeded treatment. Hence, to fetch the effective suppression of weed, application of Londax power 6.6% @ 0.66 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence (at 2 DAT) with hand weeding at 40 DAT can easily replace additional one hand weeding at 20 DAT

Community-based management of severe acute malnutrition in India: new evidence from Bihar.

BACKGROUND: An estimated one-third of the world's children who are wasted live in India. In Bihar state, of children -2 SDs and MUAC >110 mm. These variables changed in July 2010 to admission on the basis of an MUAC <115 mm and discharge at an MUAC ≥120 mm. Uncomplicated SAM cases were treated as outpatients in the community by using a WHO-standard, ready-to-use, therapeutic lipid-based paste produced in India; complicated cases were treated as inpatients by using F75/F100 WHO-standard milk until they could complete treatment in the community. RESULTS: A total of 8274 children were admitted including 5149 girls (62.2%), 6613 children aged 6-23 mo (79.9%), and 87.3% children who belonged to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, or Other Backward Caste families or households. Of 3873 children admitted under the old criteria, 41 children (1.1%) died, 2069 children (53.4%) were discharged as cured, and 1485 children (38.3%) defaulted. Of 4401 children admitted under the new criteria, 36 children (0.8%) died, 2526 children (57.4%) were discharged as cured, and 1591 children (36.2%) defaulted. For children discharged as cured, the mean (±SD) weight gain and length of stay were 4.7 ± 3.1 and 5.1 ± 3.7 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 8.7 ± 6.1 and 7.3 ± 5.6 wk under the old and new criteria, respectively (P < 0.01). After adjustment, significant risk factors for default were as follows: no community referral for admission, more severe wasting on admission, younger age, and a long commute for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first conventional CMAM program in India and has achieved low mortality and high cure rates in nondefaulting children. The new admission criteria lower the threshold for severity with the result that more children are included who are at lower risk of death and have a smaller WHZ deficit to correct than do children identified by the old criteria. This study was registered as a retrospective observational analysis of routine program data at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN13980582

Dose Dependence of Mechanoluminescence Properties in MgAl2O4: Dy Phosphor

A reliable dosimetry is fundamental for quality assurance of the processes and irradiation products. All dosimetric systems for high doses have some limitation with regard to their use. Dosimetric system should be easy to use, fast to measure, and of low cost. Good phosphor which shows high luminescence properties may fulfil the above criteria in some way. MgAl2O4: Dy phosphor has been prepared by solution combustion technique and confirmed with the help of XRD. ML has been excited impulsively by dropping a load of mass 0.7 kg onto the phosphors from various heights; two distinct ML peaks are observed for all the samples. It is observed that MgAl2O4: Dy phosphor shows linear response to gamma-ray dose and low fading which can be used for dosimetric purpose

Informatics on a social view and need of ethical interventions for wellbeing via interference of artificial intelligence

The main focus of this paper was to discuss and appraise the attribution of intelligence and value judgement on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its regulated use in society. Humans are tool-making creatures and AI is used for civilization via tools. During the time of pre-civilization, tools were simple in the form of crude construction, using hand skills but at present, the achievements are the substitution of machinery to relieve/replace human intellect. AI is the scientific technique of bringing learning, adaptation, and self-organization of machines. It encompasses various concepts and methods, deployed by researchers in many diverse fields of computation and cognition. This is the computational mode of a brain, based on artificial neural networks. The usefulness of AI ethically, initiates a big question i.e. if the human mind is not self-sufficient for any work without harming the moral sentiment of others then, how can people believe in a computational model of the mind, is a machine, morally responsible for any good or bad action. We highlight issues on the use of AI in the replacement of the human mind asking what is the value of humans in this age of AI? Can AI reciprocate and respect human values better than human beings? Can AI replace human intelligence? In the case of ethical enquiry, it is rather a herculean task to consider a machine's action to be moral or immoral, after all, it is just a machinery action devoid of any moral quality

Morphological and Molecular Data Reveal Three Distinct Populations of Indian Wild Rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. Species Complex

Wild relatives of crops possess adaptive mutations for agronomically important traits, which could play significant role in crop improvement for sustainable agriculture. However, global climate change and human activities pose serious threats to the natural habitats leading to erosion of genetic diversity of wild rice populations. The purpose of this study was to explore and characterize India’s huge untapped wild rice diversity in Oryza rufipogon Griff. species complex from a wide range of ecological niches. We made strategic expeditions around diversity hot spots in 64 districts of nine different agro-climatic zones of the country and collected 418 wild rice accessions. Significant variation was observed among the accessions for 46 morphological descriptors, allowing classification into O. nivara, O. rufipogon, and O. sativa f. spontanea morpho-taxonomic groups. Genome-specific pSINE1 markers confirmed all the accessions having AA genome, which were further classified using ecotype-specific pSINE1 markers into annual, perennial, intermediate, and an unknown type. Principal component analysis revealed continuous variation for the morphological traits in each ecotype group. Genetic diversity analysis based on multi-allelic SSR markers clustered these accessions into three major groups and analysis of molecular variance for nine agro-climatic zones showed that 68% of the genetic variation was inherent amongst individuals while only 11% of the variation separated the zones, though there was significant correlation between genetic and spatial distances of the accessions. Model based population structure analysis using genome wide bi-allelic SNP markers revealed three sub-populations designated ‘Pro-Indica,’ ‘Pro-Aus,’ and ‘Mid-Gangetic,’ which showed poor correspondence with the morpho-taxonomic classification or pSINE1 ecotypes. There was Pan-India distribution of the ‘Pro-Indica’ and ‘Pro-Aus’ sub-populations across agro-climatic zones, indicating a more fundamental grouping based on the ancestry closely related to ‘Indica’ and ‘Aus’ groups of rice cultivars. The Pro-Indica population has substantial presence in the Eastern Himalayan Region and Lower Gangetic Plains, whereas ‘Pro-Aus’ sub-population was predominant in the Upper Gangetic Plains, Western Himalayan Region, Gujarat Plains and Hills, and Western Coastal Plains. In contrast ‘Mid-Gangetic’ population was largely concentrated in the Mid Gangetic Plains. The information presented here will be useful in the utilization of wild rice resources for varietal improvement

Movement activities of children in their presschool age

v angličtině The name of dissertation: Movement activities of chlidren in their presschool age Written by: Šárka Kochanová The head of dissertation: PaedDr Jana Kolčiterová The objectives of dissertation: 1. Analysing some conditions for carrying out preschool children's activities at selected nursery schools and integrating individual preathletic exercises in chlidren's exercise. 2. Finding out parent's interests in children's sport activities. 3. Differertiation varios levels of children's sport activities at same age. Methodology: Study in depth of expert literaturee Informing about background at selected nursery schools Monitoring children's sport activities including preathletic exercises and testing its opinion Applycating simply athletic games to get necessary information to find out the differences in motor level of children at same age. Monitoring differences in sport activities of children living in town and in the country By way of unstandard questionnaire getting new information about children's and parent's attitudes to own assessment of their sport activities Results of dissertation 1. Conditions for sport activities at nursery schools locating in towns and in the country differ from one another. Nursery schools in the country don't measure up to the equipment of nursery schools in..

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Association of SNP Haplotypes of HKT Family Genes with Salt Tolerance in Indian Wild Rice Germplasm

Phenotype (SES) score and evaluated salt related traits among Indian wild rice at 10th day of 150mM salt treatment. (CSV 3 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S1. of Association of SNP Haplotypes of HKT Family Genes with Salt Tolerance in Indian Wild Rice Germplasm

Linkage Disequilibrium plots for HKT genes Figure S2. Q-Q plots of HKT genes obtained after MLM based association of SNP with traits. (PDF 1156 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Association of SNP Haplotypes of HKT Family Genes with Salt Tolerance in Indian Wild Rice Germplasm

 List of wild rice accessions, their place of collection and Standard Evaluation System (SES) score obtained during screening. (CSV 13 kb