The psychic costs of migration: evidence from Irish return migrants

Within the economics literature, the 'psychic costs' of migration have been incorporated into theoretical models since Sjaastad (J Polit Econ 70:80 93, 1962). However, the existence of such costs has rarely been investigated in empirical papers. In this paper, we look at the psychic costs of migration by using alcohol problems as an indicator. Rather than comparing immigrants and natives, we look at the native-born in a single country and compare those who have lived away for a period of their lives and those who have not. We use data from the first wave of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing which is a large, nationally representative sample of older Irish adults. We find that men who lived away are more likely to have suffered from alcohol problems than men who stayed. For women, we again see a higher incidence of alcohol problems for short-term migrants. However, long-term female migrants are less likely to have suffered from alcohol problems. For these women, it seems that migration provided psychic benefits, and this is consistent with findings fro

A novel approach for obtaining bubble dissolution measurements at sea: results

A hybrid system for measuring the dissolution of gas bubbles in an oceanic environment was developed utilizing the Coastal Systems Station's Light Scattering Bubble Counter (LSBC). The LSBC independently measures flow velocity and bubble size, and is capable of distinguishing bubbles from particulate matter. In the hybrid system, the dynamic range of the LSBC measurements is 50 microns to about 300 microns in radius. The system is filled at depth in the sea, purged of all gas, and then closed from the outside environment. A steady now is established and clean air is forced through a porous ceramic disk to create the initial bubble population. This bubbly mixture is recirculated through the system at a constant flow rate of 22 liters per minute (LPM), or 33 LPM, corresponding to velocities of 30 cm/s and 45 cm/s through the LSBC aperture, respectively. The bubble radii are measured continuously using the LSBC, resulting in time-dependent bubble-size distributions. A numerical technique has been developed to estimate the dissolution rate from the bubble distribution time series

A novel approach for obtaining bubble dissolution measurements at sea: results

A hybrid system for measuring the dissolution of gas bubbles in an oceanic environment was developed utilizing the Coastal Systems Station's Light Scattering Bubble Counter (LSBC). The LSBC independently measures flow velocity and bubble size, and is capable of distinguishing bubbles from particulate matter. In the hybrid system, the dynamic range of the LSBC measurements is 50 microns to about 300 microns in radius. The system is filled at depth in the sea, purged of all gas, and then closed from the outside environment. A steady now is established and clean air is forced through a porous ceramic disk to create the initial bubble population. This bubbly mixture is recirculated through the system at a constant flow rate of 22 liters per minute (LPM), or 33 LPM, corresponding to velocities of 30 cm/s and 45 cm/s through the LSBC aperture, respectively. The bubble radii are measured continuously using the LSBC, resulting in time-dependent bubble-size distributions. A numerical technique has been developed to estimate the dissolution rate from the bubble distribution time series

A novel approach for obtaining bubble dissolution measurements at sea

A Hybrid system for measuring the dissolution of gas bubbles in an oceanic environment was developed utilizing the Coastal Systems Station’s Light Scattering Bubble Counter (LSBC). The LSBC independently measures flow velocity and bubble size, and is capable of distinguishing bubbles from particulate matter. In the hybrid system, the dynamic range of the LSBC measurements is 50 microns to about 300 microns in radius. The system is filled at depth in the sea purged of all gas, and then closed from the outside environment. A steady flow is established and clean air is forced through a ceramic fritted disk to create the initial bubble population. This bubbly mixture is re-circulated through the system at a nominal flow rate of 22 liters/min, which corresponds to a velocity of 30 cm/s through the LSBC aperture. The bubble radii are continuously measured using the LSBC, resulting in time-dependent bubble size distributions. These distributions are used to estimate bubble dissolution rates for the size range indicated