Clinical Use of Progesterone and Its Relation to Oxidative Stress in Ruminants

Studies to determine the physiological effects and functions of progesterone started in the twentieth century. Progesterone is a steroid-structured hormone with 21 carbon atoms originating from cholesterol. The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation in ruminants, secretes progesterone, which plays a role in the continuity of the pregnancy. Progestagens can be used for estrus synchronization in cows and heifers. Similarly, they are used for estrus synchronization during the breeding season or outside the breeding season by taking advantage of the negative feedback effect of progesterone in small ruminants. It is applied for the treatment of embryonic deaths due to luteal insufficiency in cows with high milk yield. In anovulatory anestrus, exogenous progesterone applications can be very useful. Progesterone treatment contributes to the resolution of the anestrus by rearranging hypothalamic functions in cattle with follicular cysts. The oxidative stress index in the luteal phase, when progesterone is high in ruminants, is higher than in the follicular phase. In the critical period of pregnancy, a high index of oxidative stress-induced progesterone causes embryonic death. Factors that cause stress in high milk-yielding cows can affect the amount of progesterone synthesis by inhibiting luteal cell function due to excessive free radical production

Holstein irkı bir İnekte karşılaşılan erken dönem fetal maserasyon olgusu

This case report describes a case of a cow shaped fetal maceration and operative results are presented in the early period. Undetected signs of vitality of the fetus by rectal examination, the uterus and vaginal examination, crepitus in the cervix with the uterus wall thickening were closed. Then, the cesarean operation was decided by operator. As a result, cases are reported in the literature have not completed the process of contrast, defined as a fetal maceration

Effects of the progesterone-based estrus synchronization on some reproductive parameters in abaza goats

Bu çalışmada, yerli keçi ırklarımızdan birisi olan Abaza keçilerinin ilk kez olarak progesteron kaynaklı senkronizasyon uygulamasının bazı reprodüktif özellikler ve döl verimi sonuçlarına etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada 2-5 yaşlı, 40-50 kg ağırlığında 40 adet Abaza keçisi kullanıldı. Araştırma üreme mevsiminde gerçekleştirildi. Grup 1’e (n=15) kontrollü progesteron salan aparat (CIDR) ile hormon uygulaması yapılarak östrus senkronizasyonu sağlanırken, Grup 2‘ye ise (n=25) herhangi bir hormon uygulanmadı ve kontrol gurubu olarak değerlendirildi. Östrus süresi Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 25,1±2,11, 25,4±3,69 saat olarak belirlendi. İlk östrusta gebe kalma oranı Grup 1 ve 2 sırasıyla %73,33, %88 olarak saptandı. Gebelik süresi Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 153,50±3,21, 151,26±3,89 olarak belirlendi. Östrus süresi, ilk östrusta gebe kalma oranı, gebelik süresi, doğum saatleri arasında gruplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark gözlenmedi. Özellikle doğumların gündüz olduğu ve %72,98 oranında saat 06.00 ile 12.00 arasında görüldüğü saptandı (P<0,001). Çalışma süresince sadece 1 foliküler kist, 1 prematüre doğum ve 1 güç doğum olgusuyla karşılaşıldı. Grup 1'deki ikizlik oranının (%53,34) Grup 2'ye göre (%12) istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P=0,005). Yirmi yedi keçide tek yavru (14 erkek - 13 dişi) doğumu izlenirken 10 keçide ikiz yavrulama (10 erkek - 10 dişi) gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, Abaza keçilerinin pek fazla reprodüktif sorun yaşamadığı, doğumlarının gündüz, ikiz doğumların az ve senkronizasyon uygulamalarının üretime herhangi bir olumsuz etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi.This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of progesterone-based synchronization on reproductive characteristics and fertility outcomes for the first time in native Abaza goat breed. A total of 40 Abaza goats, weighing 40-50 kg, aged 2-5 years, were used in the trial. The study was conducted during the mating season. Group 1 (n=15) received hormone administration with progesterone and estrus synchronization. Group 2 (n=25) did not receive hormone administration (control group). The length of estrus was 25.1±2.11 and 25.4±3.69 hours in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The rate of pregnancy in the first estrus was 73.33% and 88% respectively in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, the duration of pregnancy was 153.50±3.21 and 151.26±3.89 Group 1 and 2 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of estrus duration, first estrous pregnancy rate, duration of pregnancy, and time of birth. It was especially found that the births were daytime and 72.98% between 06.00 and 12.00 hours (P<0.001). During the study, only 1 follicular cyst, 1 premature birth and 1 dystocia were encountered. Group 1 twin ratio (53.34%) was statistically significantly higher than Group 2 (12%) (P=0.005). The goats had 27 single (14 male - 13 female) and 10 twin (10 male - 10 female) births. As a result, it was determined that the Abaza goats did not have many reproductive problems, their births were daytime, the twin births were low and synchronization application has no negative effect on the production

Kisspeptin: Role in Female Infertility

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide encoded by the kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) and located in different brain regions, primarily in the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin and its receptor G-protein-coupled receptor-54 (GPR54), are also found in behavioural brain regions such as the hippocampus and cortex. Kisspeptin, a very powerful neuropeptide that stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary, does this by increasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels. In recent studies, it has been noted that kisspeptin is effective on reproductive functions. Globally 8 to 12% of couples have infertility problems, and the majority are residents of developing countries. Approximately 70% of infertility cases are caused by fertility problems in women. The frequency of infertility in women continues to increase every year and the underlying factors require further research. Bearing this problem in mind, this review examines the possible role of kisspeptin in female infertility. In doing so, it aims to find out how future application of kisspeptin may potentially unravel the neural reproductive disorder

The effect of ferula communis l. on body-relative organ weight, serum and tissue oxidative status, biochemical and pathological changes in rats exposed to continuous light

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of Ferula communis L. on growth performance, relative organ weights, tissue and serum oxidative status, and biochemical and histopathological changes in rats exposed to continuous light. Rats exposed to continuous light for 10 days were given F. communis orally. Daily body weight was recorded, and rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected to determine relative organ weights, followed by immediate biochemical and histopathological analysis of the organs. Serum and tissue oxidative status were measured. Continuous light exposure in rats resulted in weight loss, decreased ovary, uterus, and kidney weights, diminished total antioxidant status (TAS) along with increased cortisol, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. However, F. communis treatment reduced serum cortisol concentration and alleviated oxidative stress by increasing TAS even under prolonged light exposure conditions. Neither continuous light exposure nor F. communis treatment caused significant changes in malondialdehyde and glutathione in organ tissues. Although continuous light caused an increase in the number of cystic follicles, F. communis treatment did not seem to have a positive effect on cystic follicle formation. In conclusion, continuous light exposure stressed the rats and increased cortisol, as well as stimulated oxidative stress and cystic follicle formation. F. communis treatment can help alleviate the harmful effects of constant light exposure

Oestrus synchronisation with progesterone-containing sponge and equine chorionic gonadotropin in Pirlak ewes during the non-breeding season: can Toryum improve fertility parameters?

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the vitamins, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and minerals in the supplement Toryum administered before and during oestrus synchronisation on some fertility parameters of ewes during the non-breeding season