Multilayer framework for vehicle-to-grid operation

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have been widely accepted by general publics due to their low emissions. Particularly, those EVs which are able to be connected to power grid have earned lots of attention. In this paper, a multilayer framework is newly proposed for vehicle-to-grid operation. In this framework those gridable EVs can serve as resources to provide their capacity and energy service or as loads to be charged directly. The corresponding aggregator works as a smart controller for the framework, which is responsible for forming aggregations of gridable EVs and determining which vehicle to be a resource or a load. Cost-emission analysis is carried out based on this framework. Hence, operation cost and emissions can be reduced by using these gridable EVs. © Copyright 2011 IEEE - All Rights Reserved.published_or_final_versionThe 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Lille, France, 1-3 September 2010. In Proceedings of VPPC, 2010, p. 1-

Object-based coding for plenoptic videos

A new object-based coding system for a class of dynamic image-based representations called plenoptic videos (PVs) is proposed. PVs are simplified dynamic light fields, where the videos are taken at regularly spaced locations along line segments instead of a 2-D plane. In the proposed object-based approach, objects at different depth values are segmented to improve the rendering quality. By encoding PVs at the object level, desirable functionalities such as scalability of contents, error resilience, and interactivity with an individual image-based rendering (IBR) object can be achieved. Besides supporting the coding of texture and binary shape maps for IBR objects with arbitrary shapes, the proposed system also supports the coding of grayscale alpha maps as well as depth maps (geometry information) to respectively facilitate the matting and rendering of the IBR objects. Both temporal and spatial redundancies among the streams in the PV are exploited to improve the coding performance, while avoiding excessive complexity in selective decoding of PVs to support fast rendering speed. Advanced spatial/temporal prediction methods such as global disparity-compensated prediction, as well as direct prediction and its extensions are developed. The bit allocation and rate control scheme employing a new convex optimization-based approach are also introduced. Experimental results show that considerable improvements in coding performance are obtained for both synthetic and real scenes, while supporting the stated object-based functionalities. © 2006 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

On object-based compression for a class of dynamic image-based representations

An object-based compression scheme for a class of dynamic image-based representations called "plenoptic videos" (PVs) is studied in this paper. PVs are simplified dynamic light fields in which the videos are taken at regularly spaced locations along a line segment instead of a 2-D plane. To improve the rendering quality in scenes with large depth variations and support the functionalities at the object level for rendering, an object-based compression scheme is employed for the coding of PVs. Besides texture and shape information, the compression of geometry information in the form of depth maps is also supported. The proposed compression scheme exploits both the temporal and spatial redundancy among video object streams in the PV to achieve higher compression efficiency. Experimental results show that considerable improvements in coding performance are obtained for both synthetic and real scenes. Moreover, object-based functionalities such as rendering individual image-based objects are also illustrated. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Loss analysis of vehicle-to-grid operation

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability is becoming increasingly popular and can be expected to deploy in a large scale. According to the estimation of PHEV penetration degree and the charging characteristics, the modeling of distribution grid with extra load of PHEV charging is formulated first. The PHEVs plugged into the grid, when aggregated in a considerable number, constitute a new load. The impacts of this extra load on the grid are analyzed by power flow simulation in terms of power losses and voltage variation. Uncontrolled charging and optimal charging scenarios are compared in the 33-bus test system. The results indicate the possible problem caused by charging PHEVs and the necessity of building a new control scheme to schedule the generation and the charging profile in the grid. Thus the optimization algorithm is designed to minimize the power losses, and enhance the power quality of the grid as well. The improved model with further constraints for practical application of V2G is discussed. In this model, the ability to schedule both charging and discharging of PHEVs with V2G technology is presented. © Copyright 2011 IEEE - All Rights Reserved.published_or_final_versionThe 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Lille, France, 1-3 September 2010. In Proceedings of VPPC, 2010, p. 1-

Opportunities and challenges of vehicle-to-home, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-grid technologies

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An object-based compression system for a class of dynamic image-based representations

S P I E Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, Beijing, China, 12-15 July 2005This paper proposes a new object-based compression system for a class of dynamic image-based representations called plenoptic videos (PVs). PVs are simplified dynamic light fields, where the videos are taken at regularly spaced locations along line segments instead of a 2-D plane. The proposed system employs an object-based approach, where objects at different depth values are segmented to improve the rendering quality as in the pop-up light fields. Furthermore, by coding the plenoptic video at the object level, desirable functionalities such as scalability of contents, error resilience, and interactivity with individual IBR objects can be achieved. Besides supporting the coding of the texture and binary shape maps for IBR objects with arbitrary shapes, the proposed system also supports the coding of gray-scale alpha maps as well as geometry information in the form of depth maps to respectively facilitate the matting and rendering of the IBR objects. To improve the coding performance, the proposed compression system exploits both the temporal redundancy and spatial redundancy among the video object streams in the PV by employing disparity-compensated prediction or spatial prediction in its texture, shape and depth coding processes. To demonstrate the principle and effectiveness of the proposed system, a multiple video camera system was built and experimental results show that considerable improvements in coding performance are obtained for both synthetic scene and real scene, while supporting the stated object-based functionalities.published_or_final_versio

Modeling and coordinated control for integrating electric vehicles into the power grid

This paper introduces a framework for the integration of renewable energy generation units and electric vehicle into smart grid, which takes into account the setting up of the PHEV recharging infrastructure and modern power system. The impact of recharging a large amount of PHEVs on the existing power system is estimated considering the PHEV characteristics and the driving pattern of the vehicle owners. Three scenarios for uncontrolled and controlled charging are derived to investigate the impact in terms of power quality. The simulation results show the necessity to coordinate the PHEV recharging with the power network condition. Therefore an optimal algorithm is also designed to minimize the power losses based on the hierarchical structure of the proposed framework. The aggregation of PHEVs is expected to act as a controllable load or resource. Both of the battery charging and discharging are comprised in the optimal algorithm to achieve better performance in the V2G operation. © 2011 IEEE.published_or_final_versionThe 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2011), Beijing, China, 20-23 August 2011. In Proceedings of ICEMS, 2011, p. 1-

Integrated energy management of plug-in electric vehicles in power grid with renewables

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Analysis of tooth-tip flux leakage in surface-mounted permanent magnet linear vernier machines

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SMES control for power grid integrating renewable generation and electric vehicles

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