Search for Ultra-high-energy Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at & SIM;7 MeV cm(-2) (time period 1000 s) and & SIM;35 MeV cm(-2) (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total GW energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources

Searches for Ultra-High-Energy Photons at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory, which is the largest air-shower experiment in the world, offers unprecedented exposure to neutral particles at the highest energies. Since the start of data collection more than 18 years ago, various searches for ultra-high-energy (UHE, E greater than or similar to 10^(17) eV) photons have been performed, either for a diffuse flux of UHE photons, for point sources of UHE photons or for UHE photons associated with transient events such as gravitational wave events. In the present paper, we summarize these searches and review the current results obtained using the wealth of data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Not AvailableA regular (cv. Thothapuri) and an irregular (cv. Langra) bearing cultivar of mango were selected to study the gas exchange parameters such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and internal carbon dioxide concentrations in flowering and non-flowering branches. Photosynthetic rates at different carbon dioxide concentrations were also recorded in both the branches to calculate the carboxylation efficiency by generating CO2 response curves. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were higher in non-flowering branches as compared to the flowering ones, in both cultivars. The reduction in photosynthetic rate was not due to variation in the water status of the leaves, since relative water content (RWC) of the leaves in both types of branches was not significantly different. Hence, the reduction in photosynthetic rate could be mainly due to the reduction in carboxylation efficiencyNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThis technical bulletin highlights the various types of growing methods, type of care to be taken, and packaging methods, diseases, insects, type of betelvine varieties etcNot Availabl

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Not AvailableEpidemiological studies indicate that the higher intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risks of many degenrative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataract etc. This is attributed mainly to the intake of dietary polyphenols as seen in Mediterranean diets. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols is reported to be low due to poor absorption in the gut, intestine and colon and depends on the type of compounds, chemical structure, food matrix, extent of conjugation and individual colon microflora. In general, flavonoids, aglycones and pure compounds are absorbed more when compared to the glycosides. Diversity in intestinal mocroflora also contributes to a great extent for the variation in absorption of polyphenols as seen in a few studies for the absorption of isoflavones. Among the polyphenols, isoflavones are known to be more bioavailable followed by phenolic acids, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols and lowest bioavailability was seen for anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.Not AvailableNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe relationship of leaf and fruit transpiration rates with the incidence of spongy tissue in mango cultivars Dashahari (free from spongy tissue) and Alphonso (susceptible to spongy tissue) was investigated. Leaf transpiration rates were similar in both the cultivars, however the fruit transpiration rates were significantly higher in cv. Dashahari. Artificially induced variations in fruit transpiration rates using perforated polythene covers and vaseline coating of fruits also resulted in significant changes in the incidence of spongy tissue in cv. Alphonso. The significant and negative relationship observed between the fruit transpiration rate and the spongy tissue suggests that the lower fruit transpiration rates in cv. Alphonso are a varietal specific trait, which results in slower movement of water and minerals to the fruits from soil leading to the development of spongy tissueNot Availabl

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Not AvailableSpongy tissue formation in ‘Alphonso’ mangoes (Mangifera indica L) is a major national problem leading to loss for farmers and traders. Spongy tissue is whitish sponge like tissue formed near the seed with insipid taste and off odour. Lipid peroxidation of membranes as studied by malondialdehyde formation was significantly higher in spongy tissue. Activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were lower in spongy tissue. Among the antioxidative enzymes, activities of catalase and peroxidases were severely reduced leading to membrane damage in spongy tissue. A significant reduction in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase and accumulation of ACC was also observed in spongy tissue. However, ACC synthase activity in spongy tissue was more compared to healthy tissue. Results indicate that the membrane peroxidation leading to lower activity of ACC oxidase might lead to the formation of spongy tissue in ‘Alphonso’ mango.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBetelvine (Piper betle L.) leaves from female (Bengaluru local), male (Madras type) and meeta paan (sweet type) were analysed for antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and radical scavenging ability (DPPH) using acidic methanol extracts. FRAP and DPPH values were higher in the leaves of Bengaluru local followed by Madras type and were lowest in sweet type of betelvine. However, chlorophyll was higher in female and sweet betelvine when compared to Madras type. Bengaluru local also recorded higher total phenols and flavonoids followed by Madras type and sweet betelvine recorded lowest phenols and flavonoids. Higher antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities of female and male types was mainly due to the higher phenols and flavonoids and not due to total chlorophyll content. The study indicated that the total phenol content of betelvine is comparable with that of tea powder.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSpongy tissue formation in ‘Alphonso’ mangoes (Mangifera indica L) is a major national problem leading to loss for farmers and traders. Spongy tissue is whitish sponge like tissue formed near the seed with insipid taste and off odour. Lipid peroxidation of membranes as studied by malondialdehyde formation was significantly higher in spongy tissue. Activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were lower in spongy tissue. Among the antioxidative enzymes, activities of catalase and peroxidases were severely reduced leading to membrane damage in spongy tissue. A significant reduction in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase and accumulation of ACC was also observed in spongy tissue. However, ACC synthase activity in spongy tissue was more compared to healthy tissue. Results indicate that the membrane peroxidation leading to lower activity of ACC oxidase might lead to the formation of spongy tissue in ‘Alphonso’ mango.Not Availabl