Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: Executive Guide

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work. This multi-volume work contains 153 chapters on a full range of IP topics and over 50 case studies, composed by over 200 authors from North, South, East, and West. If you are a policymaker, a senior administrator, a technology transfer manager, or a scientist, we invite you to use the companion site guide available at http://www.iphandbook.org/index.html The site guide distills the key points of each IP topic covered by the Handbook into simple language and places it in the context of evolving best practices specific to your professional role within the overall picture of IP management

Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices, Vol. 1

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work. This multi-volume work contains 153 chapters on a full range of IP topics and over 50 case studies, composed by over 200 authors from North, South, East, and West. If you are a policymaker, a senior administrator, a technology transfer manager, or a scientist, we invite you to use the companion site guide available at http://www.iphandbook.org/index.html The site guide distills the key points of each IP topic covered by the Handbook into simple language and places it in the context of evolving best practices specific to your professional role within the overall picture of IP management

Agricultural Biotechnology's Complementary Intellectual Assets

We formulate and test a hypothesis to explain the dramatic restructuring experienced recently by the plant breeding and seed industry. The reorganization can be explained in part by the desire to exploit complementarities between intellectual assets needed to create genetically modified organisms. This hypothesis is tested using data on agricultural biotechnology patents, notices for field tests of genetically modified organisms, and firm characteristics. The presence of complementarities is identified with a positive covariance in the unexplained variation of asset holdings. Results indicate that coordination of complementary assets have increased under the consolidation of the industry

Hologram-based thermooptical absorbance detection in capillary electrophoresis: separation of nucleosides and nucleotides

On-column thermooptical absorbance (TOA) detection in capillary electrophoretic separations of various nucleoside and mono- and diphosphate nucleotide mixtures absorbing at 257 nm is demonstrated in 20 μm i.d. capillaries. The analytes are optically pumped by a frequency-doubled argon ion laser and probed by a laser diode or by a He/Ne laser beam guided to the detection volume by a holographic optical element. Absorption detection limits of 2.2 μAU using time constants of 0.3 s and 20 mW of UV power are obtained over a linear dynamic range covering three to four decades. As higher pumping power is required to enhance the thermooptical sensitivity, photobleaching appears as a major problem in the quest for lower detection limits for some of the substances studied such as deoxyuridine and uridine. Concentration detection limits as low as 50 nM for adenosine monophosphate, corresponding to a mass detection limit of 0.4 fmol, and separation efficiencies up to 320 000 theoretical plates are measured. A theoretical model, which translates the obtained TOA signals into absorbances, is proposed and describes the TOA effect for smaller capillaries rather well. | On-column thermooptical absorbance (TOA) detection in capillary electrophoretic separations of various nucleoside and mono- and diphosphate nucleotide mixtures absorbing at 257 nm is demonstrated in 20 μm i.d. capillaries. The analytes are optically pumped by a frequency-doubled argon ion laser and probed by a laser diode or by a He/Ne laser beam guided to the detection volume by a holographic optical element. Absorption detection limits of 2.2 μAU using time constants of 0.3 s and 20 mW of UV power are obtained over a linear dynamic range covering three to four decades. As higher pumping power is required to enhance the thermooptical sensitivity, photobleaching appears as a major problem in the quest for lower detection limits for some of the substances studied such as deoxyuridine and uridine. Concentration detection limits as low as 50 nM for adenosine monophosphate, corresponding to a mass detection limit of 0.4 fmol, and separation efficiencies up to 320 000 theoretical plates are measured. A theoretical model, which translates the obtained TOA signals into absorbances, is proposed and describes the TOA effect for smaller capillaries rather well

Investigation of active crystal morphogenesis peptide sequences from peptide libraries by crystallization on peptide functionalized beads

In this study, split-and-mix peptide libraries from one to four amino acids bound to functionalized beads were used to identify active morphogenesis peptides for the systems CaCO3 and dl-alanine. Density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to remove all beads without crystals as well as crystals homogeneously nucleated in solution. From the remaining fractions, beads were selected, which account for differences in crystal morphologies from the default crystal morphology on a micrometer scale and their amino acid sequence was analyzed. Our results show that multiple and different peptide sequences are found to be active in the morphogenesis of CaCO3 and dl-alanine. It was not possible to find a correlation, which connects active single amino acids with the sequences of di-, tri- and tetrapeptides. However, peptide charge was found to be important for morphogenesis. Peptides active in CaCO3 morphogenesis were enriched in basic amino acids while those active for dl-alanine morphogenesis contained more acidic amino acids. This can be explained by charge charge interactions of the crystallizing species with the countercharged peptide moieties. Tests for chiral separation for the dl-alanine system showed that with the applied oligopeptide libraries, no enantioselective crystallization was achieved to a significant extent. The presented combinatorial crystallization assay provides an easy tool for crystallization control, which can be used for the straightforward selection of interesting species under a light microscope. However, suitable staining techniques to identify individual beads with crystals, which are for example a pure enantiomer still need to be developed