Assessing the Role of CD103 in Immunity to an Intestinal Helminth Parasite

In the intestine, the integrin CD103 is expressed on a subset of T regulatory (T(reg)) cells and a population of dendritic cells (DCs) that produce retinoic acid and promote immune homeostasis. However, the role of CD103 during intestinal helminth infection has not been tested.We demonstrate that CD103 is dispensable for the development of protective immunity to the helminth parasite Trichuris muris. While we observed an increase in the frequency of CD103(+) DCs in the lamina propria (LP) following acute high-dose infection with Trichuris, lack of CD103 had no effect on the frequency of CD11c(+) DCs in the LP or mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). CD103-deficient (CD103(-/-)) mice develop a slightly increased and earlier T cell response but resolve infection with similar kinetics to control mice. Similarly, low-dose chronic infection of CD103(-/-) mice with Trichuris resulted in no significant difference in immunity or parasite burden. Absence of CD103 also had no effect on the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells in the mLN or LP.These results suggest that CD103 is dispensable for intestinal immunity during helminth infection. Furthermore, lack of CD103 had no effect on DC or T(reg) recruitment or retention within the large intestine

Stationary flows and periodic dynamics of binary mixtures in tall laterally heated slots

The steady and oscillatory dynamics of binary fluids contained in slots heated by the side is studied by using continuation methods, and stability analysis. The bifurcation points on the branches of solutions are determined with precision by calculating their spectra for a large range of Rayleigh numbers. It will be seen that continuation and stability methods are a powerful tool to analyze the origin of the hydrodynamic instabilities leading to steady and time periodic flows, and their dynamics. The role played by the shear stresses of the steady field, and the solutal and thermal buoyancies, at the onset of the oscillations is studied by means of the energy equation of the perturbations. With the parameters used, it is found that the shear is always the main responsible for the instabilities, and that the work done by the two buoyancies can even help to stabilize the fluid. The results also show that binary mixtures of Prandtl number order one, like pure gases, present multiple stable periodic flows coexisting in the same range of parameters, since several unstable leading multipliers remain attached to the unit circle and go back into it. However, at lower Prandtl numbers only the first branch of periodic orbits bifurcating directly from the steady state is found to be stable, because some of the unstable multipliers of the other branches quickly increase their modulus and never re-enter the unit circle.Postprint (author's final draft